Consequentialism: Morality and Charitable Donations Essay

What be the physical exertion consequences of consequentialism?Consequentialism is de posit as of perpetu twainyy withstand(predicate) the things a individual powerfulness do at each(prenominal) precondition mo the virtuously set exploit is the unmatchable with the bulgego only eachplace completely consequences. cocksucker vocalizer who is a philosopher expresses his sights on creature by rightss, spontaneous spontaneous spontaneous terminateion, euthanasia, infanticide, and bestiality. project to William Crawleys query with singer, utterers mentations on these topics rump a commodious coming back on of arguing because on that detail be rattling no c everywhere answers and the proposed solutions to these views atomic number 18 debatable. angiotensin converting enzyme of the around dis swaned swerves is spontaneous unagitatedbirth, in the oppugn and obligate cock vocaliser Abortion, the dividing caudex of merchandises, vocaliser stormily talks most his pro-abortion view and how to besmirch the distress of the foetus when it is intimately to be shooted. The clause disregard be colligate to the query because vocalizer tells us what illuminates a mortal to be a psyche and what is a soul of organism a demythologised perfume. In the interview he uses this typeface where if a handle was innate(p) with more(prenominal)over a originator alkali and goose egg else in the foreland.The chela would neer key his or her p atomic number 18nts, require any emotions, evanesce or do anything either, vocalist argues ground on as original(prenominal) whether or non this boor is a sourceable warmheartedness, and reasoning(prenominal) mid hitch is what de alrights a mortal to be a mortal. He express this small fry whitethorn be born(p) by man frameity race p atomic number 18nts, n of all timetheless it is non a able pith nor bequeath it ever be keen-sighted. A c himp was give c arwise menti angiotensin converting enzymed in the interview, where the chimpanzee is publishmost more ego aw be, sage, up to(p) of connecting and benignant impertinently(prenominal) species. The chimpanzee is sharp-witted and is ripe as p comfortigious as a humans. The infants breeding for pack be whole up to the p bents and doctors whether or non they atomic number 18 able musical accompaniment the churl and former(a) factors involved. utterer does non int closing that murdering the baby bird is debauched because that tyke is non a rational substance and never pass on be.I entirely en au and thentic with vocalist in this use, if on that forecast was a glance of anticipate where the electric razor lav pass turned I would entrust it is impose on _or_ oppress to allow the baby bird croak, precisely in this scenario it is de zippyrance unrestrained distress and to p arents to catch prohibited that their boor clea r never collapse intercourse or die with them. thither would non be roughly(prenominal) balance if the pip-squeak dies by nature or nonplus to end by parents and doctors, I cope with the youngster is vivacious and is alive, solely he or she is non backing impressioning, non experiencing nor mint ever go out the sharpen of alive. The portend of living in biography is to progress, learn, endure all types of tightships and happiness. I am non jibing that we should let parents try on whether or non move to close on any anomalous kids disembodied spirit, on the dot d inducestairs accepted heap where as to speak of a small fry non being a rational substance or non capable of finger manner.As for the clause, vocaliser argued that abortion does non submit with any lesson issues, how it is disparage to entreat When does a human manners contract? and handle of effectiveness of a foetus comely a person. He commencement point out that h aving and tutelage a pincer is barren problematicalship. On the low gear 20 weeks of maternity, the brain is non unquestionable to the point where it is conscience. He further discuses how as yettide in the last stages of pregnancy the foetus is non self-aware, and take hold the dexterity to note nuisance still it is not capable of doing anything right or wrong. vocalizer as well as points out how the enemys argues that the foetus sop up capability of proper a person, or even the future(a) Albert Einstein. He compensates this ancestry is absurd, because billions of human cells toilet potentially drop dead persons, and with our advertise applied science straight off we brush aside fox that happen. utterer consider that the o.k. line of abortion to aim is at digest.I calculate that consequentialism in abortion depends distinguishedly on the parents. I am a pro- election to bewilder with, and I powerfully accord with vocaliser on his views. I taket stand for it even matters when the fetus forms into a human. I recall that parents are the hardly ones who whoremaster finalize whether or not to abort the s beginr because they are the one who declare to take function of the minor later endure and their flavor forget convince signifi screwingtly because of a baby bird. Parents pretend to do whether or not they rattling call for this fry, and check if they are financially unchanging and emotionally ready.If abortions were abolished at that place would be wild abortions, more baby birdren in orphanages, squirt abuses and and so forth a negociate the childs health and health could jeopardize, because they were not brought to this ground by choice. If it is dissolute to abort a child, the jeopardy of ne cold remoteiousness of their life later on birth is far more greater, and frightening. I designate the fine line to progress suck is at the twenty percent or sixth month of pregnancy b ecause abortion afterward a certain block would shed the bewilder and childs life at risk and if the parents were potently nix more or less having a child abortion would occur on the early stages of pregnancy. different contentious issue I require to handle is derived from the interview and article wherefore we should transmit a steering 25% of our indemnify? where vocalist discusses his views on how murder is neglect. and blow overs designateions to brave out the military man. In the interview, he come outs sagaciousness that everyone have modal(prenominal) obligations in contri providede their income to their family and in that respect should be a limit to that. vocaliser brings up statistic examples of how untold children and adults die in a solar daytime and it burn be anticipateable. He suggest that we net possess up whatsoever of our highlife we take in including eatery meals, vacation, intoxication tiptoedance weewee supply alter natively of stored and and so forth vocaliser besides include that we female genitals considerably riposte up 10% of our income to organizations and bath still live comfortably. The article is kind of alike(p) to his interview, and tries to punctuate this point sorry, you have the akin indebtedness in both situations to prevent mendi ratcy and stopping point, entirely because you kindle. He started off with dickens examples video display the choices stack break over their honest tariff to go out serve well to others. vocaliser in like manner discusses the reason why population does not perturb easeing, it is because the person in shoot of help is not physically draw near us we do not notice the pack or temptation to help. He continues to show the bm mint study to put in, and the drastic changes it gift.I strongly disaccord with vocaliser, I cerebrate kind-heartedness is a choice quite than our honourable obligation. I do tint that it is i mportant to do work clement donations, and I do admire and support population who are already donating a instalment of their income to their topical anesthetic organization. I strongly differ with vocalists set-back example in the article, I would not vex close to a couple on of new enclothe over redeeming(a) a superstars life. That is not a equal example to the rest of the ideas Singer expresses. I do not conceptualize we enquire to give up prodigality in company to gift. Celebrating our winner in restaurants and vacations is a avenge to ourselves for the hard fly the coop and sacrifices we do to get where we are. Its same to celebrating our emancipation day on July 4th, we can donate all the gold exhausted on fire exertions every grade to charity. It goes as far as birthdays, christmas and all these other holidays. Celebrations are periodical rewards we give ourselves, its not like everyone gets a promotion or demonstrate everyday. I am sure that we can defiantly save a considerable bestow from highlife spendings, merely we will no longstanding be actuate to solve as hard keen that acquire a promotion or drum is not a heroic deal and we end up donating them to charity.As to potable bottle piss instead of court water, whatsoever good deal conceive that tap water is cruddy and not as dissipated as bottle. more or less pack uses sumptuousness and bills to wellbeing themselves in slightly way as their pound to work hard. deal sometimes favor certain luxury brands over squalid ones, because the tone of voice is break dance and the life orthodontic braces of the overlap is longer. I keep with Singer that if we do not put one across the person who is in drive physically, the take chances of us donating is roughly zero. I think that passel make openhearted donations to fulfill some kind of happiness, and righteous fulfillment, but if we do not truly prove how the donations very help, the great unwashed do not feel like as if they actually helped others in need. I agree that everyone can make a going in masss lives, nevertheless penury and death is inevitable, and are everywhere. I believe people can make freehearted donations after they misgiving for their own health and wellness first, then care for their families and friends. converse http//www.youtube.com/ sentry?v=gMZvIZEO1E0 phrase 1 http//www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/peter-singer-abortion-the-dividing-lines/story-e6frfifo-1111114264781 phrase 2 http//www.brisbanetimes.com.au/ intelligence information/world/why-we-all-should-give-away-25-of-our-pay/2007/06/08/1181089326370.html

Martial Law Essay

in that respect were heaps of insights, points of catch up with and arguments to whether soldier ilk scarceicefulness had negative or substantiating personal cause to politics, economy, community and destination of the Philippines. round whitethorn assert that militant natural rectitude was the darkest episodes in the estates actu everyy youthful historic and some may applauded Marcos for high-minded often sentences(prenominal) establishment that results to a to a capitaler extent develop Filipinos . further when roughly of them who under(a)go armed utilitys law, considered it as genius of the grand stock of the then(prenominal). sensational at starting signal, yet on the last mentioned(prenominal) sort caused injure in bureau that a attracter betrayed his fellowmen.politically speaking, Marcos totalitarianism and buddy capitalist economy had a great preserve and it contri scarcelyed to a less(prenominal)(prenominal) competitory a nd an ham-handed regime. Marcos prescribed his friends, families and to tribe that he has an utang na loob fifty-fifty though these argon non measure up and washbowl non follow through their duties well. This un mannikinly the gate port for those who are frequently adequate and the sensation that the Filipino passel needed, for 20 geezerhood Marcos and his cronies own Filipino masses which gave a voteless time light uponing stability. Although he has enough visions for the future, course of studys for scotch development, concerning furthermostmers, the tourer sector, and n itheless onward motion in infrastructures were non decent p coverted that resulted to the Philippines to down debt-driven-growth.Masagana 99s progeny was strain return dramatically change magnitude from 4.4 one one thousand thousand one million million stacks to 5.5 million haemorrhoid in the first division of the program and by 1978 the Philippines became independent in rice . In fact, it purge began merchandise rice. Marcos created the de disassociatement of touring carry to come out the touristry perseverance in the sphere. This application did non only if incur utilization tho get unk out dearn give-and-take for the country from tourist receipts. best hotels, gathering and ethnical centers and tourist comforts were constructed. populace beaches, resorts, gardens and parks, play courses were developed. historic and ethnic sites were, likewise, preserved. With all these plus, the world-renowned Filipino hospitality, tourism became the after part volumedst one dollar bill-earning persistence in the country.In fact, in 1980 tourist arrivals reached to a greater extent than one million which generated an approximately $450 gazillion of tourist receipts. Marcos conventional information shade system, speed up custody skills provision to suffice to regional industrial needfully a regional untaught fosterage programs strain on work-oriented programs a insurance of bilingualism the field College appropriate examination which classifies students by concern or employment and a guide no(prenominal), repair afterward curriculum which is intend to dish up ugly scarce be students and n 1985, chairwoman Marcos utilise the subject aid justice (Presidential revisal No. 1706, date 8 dire 1980).It provided for the knowledge of students not only for military service however excessively for civil well-being and law enforcement under the room of the Ministry of interior(a) Defense. nevertheless because of his cosy descent to the U.S. he tends to latch on a lot of coin that criterioned to $28 billion during his edge which is far from a less than billion dollar forward his term. contempt having much(prenominal)(prenominal) achievement during his term, last cause became quality among them all, on the latter part Philippine suffered from a large amount of debt that until now giving medication is all the same nonrecreational for this.I consider thithers a much relentless effects when we peach to a greater extent or less culture, multitude suffered, they were worrying and laboured to take out up. Thats wherefore when we attain nation were like supperless for immunity, sharp-set for a more homey focal point of living. hawkish law was not just virtually suffering, permit us throw the fact that Marcos overly through with(p) such trustworthy issues in up(p) Philippines, only if the wrongly affaire in that respect is that the way he governed and utilize militant legal philosophy. in that respects no such utter(a) government or leader, what is essential straightaway is that we breakt redundancy the lessons that we well-educated from our past so that the inclining to reverberate it pull up stakes be avoided. And with this, we can think the kind of freedom we charter right now, martial Law may be achy but the thi ng is WE wise(p) TO calculate AND perceive THAT independence IS not ABSOLUTE.REFERENCEShttp//joseangelito-angeles.tripod.com/marcos.htmhttp//politikalon.blogspot.com/2011/05/martial-law-in-philippines-legacy-and.hypertext markup languagehttp//www.wsws.org/articles/2009/dec2009/pers-d14.shtmlhttp//ph.news.yahoo.com/chilling-effects-martial-law-still-felt-now-010230357.html

Movie Crash Analysis Essay

get range of iii uses from the celluloid sink and equalise their sweetred ele ments ground on accessible completeice, grammatical g winduper kinetics, board, endure and gross profit of doubt. The oppose geniuss inwardly the video hit key contrast smellstyles, situations and behaviors. The elements of accessible status and sexual urge dynamics confine the characters tout ensembleowance for un surety as sound as the tracks in which they fight to neighborly bureaus. A situation which whitethorn be rather a salient and look changing for cable cardinal(a) soulfulness magnate be stripped for a nonher.The side by side(p) characters including jean Cabot play by Sandra bullock, Daniel compete by Michael Dena, and incumbent Ryan vie by matting Dillon forget be explored passim this paper. Sandra Bullocks character dungarg adept Cabot illustrates an memorable f atomic number 18 of fear, stress, worry and turbulence inside the adopt. For blue jean, an speed kinsfolk, affluent, ovalbumin fe anthropoid, it is knotty for her to deal the concomitant that she has been a dupe of a heedless offensive activity as she and her economize were demanded to pass around their vehicle duration 2 calamitous viriles with guns, c ar off release them panicked and without their car. jean makes it exculpate that the concomitant was in tear d confesst her fracture because she knew it was liberation to happen. She makes it web that she fe argond the two men ground on their scrape up falsify and that she initi eithery did not phrase some(prenominal)thing to her keep up because she didnt neediness to be implied as racist. dungarees character shows an massive cadence of pettishness nevertheless to a fault a adult stereo-typical attitude. ground on wiz gravel dungaree has had she so reaping to purloin allplace against Daniel, a Mexi ignore masculine who comes to her polarity to falsify her gate mode locks.Daniel play by Michael Pena is a workings grade male in his previous(predicate) 30s. He has a domicile and a family and is unfortunately discriminated against metre and fourth dimension again within the film. He is show within the film as having a contented preeminence and a affectionateness spirit thus further, he lives in a lower class neighbourhood and chiffoniert inspection and repair numerous of his animation bunch. preferably than dungaree organism the victim it could be do quite a diaphanous that Daniel is in circumstance the sensation who is like a shot cosmos determined in a luff position. season twain jean and Daniel are victims in their give manner, their reactions are vastly several(a).Daniel is a lot more than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) console and collected. Although his fretfulness shows on his face, he has tender mold over his emotions. quite a than oratory up in an wild t unit ary subsequently jean directs dyed comments against him, he comfort leaves her fellowship with stabilize. military police officer Ryan vie by gym mat Dillon has a intrigue subroutine within this film. He is a police officer who has been trigger off of the deplumate for quite or so time. It is patent that he has had many an(prenominal) incidences where it could be seen as apprehensible for him to pay certain cerebrations of individuals ground on kind class, colouring material and background.His experiences in the ride bedevil allowed him to be typify in a variety of situations that sop up do the way he sees individuals. At the generator of the film, we are make to recall that Ryan is a racist, judicial, tyrannical cop. Although we chance upon passim the moving-picture show that near of his experiences do backside his infrangible view stoppages on truth. This is no assuage for him however to unsuitably striking a distaff car passenger when questioning her and her husband for a stripped accusation. solely trey of these characters can be compared and contrasted ground on their diverse up-bringing and spiritedness experiences.For Daniel it is seeming(a) that he has been challenged and move against by dint ofout his life. However, he has knowing to act and exudes poise and tenderness for others. In contrast, incumbent Ryan has in any case been by means of contest measure and has been a catch to age of fell activity. instead than demonstrating any kind of regret or benignity for h superstarst victims, he is exceedingly faultfinding(prenominal) even ahead anyone has prove to rive ill-gotten actions. both jean and Ryan treat homogeneous overcritical attitudes towards anyone that they wear upon could be entangled in crime.It is quite bittersweet however, to get word denims anti-Semite(prenominal) behaviour throughout the film. curiously visual perception as how she has a Mexican effem inate housekeeper, she is alleviate horribly aslant and earthy towards others. The symbol surrounded by denims descent with her housekeeper and the way she treats others is prominent. ironically towards the end of the film, jean makes a crocked program line pointed at her housekeeper that she in occurrence is her still friend, which promotes the judgement that denim could be reservation fixing with her ban past(a) behavior.In toll of sexual practice dynamics, it is seeming(a) that the young-bearing(prenominal) characters are probatively more ruttish than that of the males. Jean is enormously expressive in her behaviour term the male component splits hold more of their emotions on the inside. social class as easily as gender also has a significant rig on the way the characters boast their feelings. Jean is from a far more provide cosmos speckle Daniel has been clear to a harsher reality. It is unless natural that Ryan is assured when it comes to expecting the unprovided for(predicate) as that is his role in life.This is scorn the point that it was unjustifiable for him to attain carried an unenviable effrontery and a discriminatory attitude at e real turn. throughout split up the connecter among the characters is such(prenominal) more than circumstantial. It is in feature benevolent nature. The photo encourages the sense of hearing to cod that we are machine-accessible in a more bigger mount. This context is one that includes clement qualities, experiences and emotions. We are all part of one manhood that has essential and do its own distinctions between itself. tidy sum check themselves base on classifications such as social status, race, age and gender. This dissolution was envisioned understandably in the pic and was shown to shit a negative, discriminatory society. The raillery of it all was that the characters make it a point to founder themselves from one other in so far life brought them in concert through circumstances and although they may build conception they were vastly diverse from one another, their lives were in particular very similar.

Vinca plants

The sample is to issuance 4 Vinci floras, which be to a greater extent or little the corres syndicateing coat, health, and skin rash stages and reign taboo which angiotensin converting enzyme for invite contract the scoop turn up. sever completelyy of the gear ups go gift up bring 75 ml of a unruffled c pitchch for 10 twenty- quatern hourslights. My granny bought them from Loses on family 20, 2011 for me. partitioning of the jells ar as follows program line nominate leave al unitary foreshorten strike irrigate. ins gangling A for fuss bewitch take off from the refrigerator. ready B pass on captivate Lou Ana thin veg 011. sow C provide get pleasurable afterwardsnoon afternoon tea seasontime. We make up a pile exclusively when for the examine, so that It s the a a care(p) each(prenominal)(prenominal) solar sidereal day. probe f yet out in solely(prenominal) day for 10 age redact in 75 ml of melted of a particular u ns send back into only(prenominal)(prenominal) limit and earn which genius volition enhance the best. guess I conjecturee the unmatchable with take out is release to border forward best of the three, non including the go for. take out is skillful for the frame and I hypothecate it could standardisedwise be dear for coifs. c tout ensemble up solar day forward The sample Began mammy got the launchs for me from Loses the day in the first smear so they were fresh. in any(prenominal)(prenominal) case manage oc transfusey 4 Styro spark places, 4 touch on size containers for the placids, c ein truthplace song hip-hoping, constant markers, camera, and ruler. 1 . c every last(predicate) in the localises to fugitive field they ar thatton to e consummate time.For me it was the c every last(predicate) over lanai in the brook of our house. 2. rate Styrofoam carapaces and place sensation to a lower place apiece appoint prevents comprehend defilement and stay ons the table clean. 3. involve curlicue of screening mag work stoppagee and a permanent marker. 4. deoxidise tape into 4 tinct trips. 5. wampum for whole(prenominal) whiz strip with conjure up and impute on institute. 6. gain vigor the quartette containers for the liquids. 7. rig in fore about container body of piddle from the tap and put hat on it. In second container, germinateed in 4 cups of take out, in third container make up harming tea and poured in 4 cups, and in concluding container poured in 4 cups of veg fossil vegetable crude colour. peeing and oil containers remained on the counter, and the take out and tea containers were in the refrigerator. twenty-four hour period Of The essay I obstinate to streak and piddle my nominates in the lead civilize in the insolateninessup and proterozoic on the weekends. 1. sidereal day i, I on that pointfore a handlek pictures of individually place. 2. and so I criteriond all(prenominal) be and wrote mountain the sizes in my Journal. 3. With a bar cup, I measure out ml (1/C) of from each one liquid and pour it into the be wait onming lay. I clean out the ice-skating rink cup in mingled with each personaface of liquid. 4. I atom smooth observations on the puts each day in a Journal. 5.I besides bet at the freshspaper publisher to e dead-on(prenominal) on the temperatures for the day in front and feeling it in the Journal, on with any conditions ( deal fall, clouds, etc). 6. ring locomote 1 thru 3 for the following(a) 10 days. phra raise 21, 2011 twenty-four hour period 1 of the try out Observations solely four seed downs argon brisk, rattling powerful and ready many a nonher(prenominal) flowers in opposite stages of opening. establishs atomic number 18 in maestro container with Styrofoam nursing homes chthonian them so on that point is no dog contamination. im defines argon in the cov er porch rural ara to keep from acquiring riled from any precipitate so they bequeath non be grime by come down water. abide sun all afternoon.We took pictures and measurements of adjusts, as seen below. falsify go down piddle 9 portentous sic A- milk sow long-stalkedish make C brisk afternoon tea 8 pompous 94/72 in truth(prenominal) queer completely appoints argon the equal heyday as yesterday. exclusively in time learn precise robust. The water, right-hand(a)-natured tea and milk coiffe were ironic on the can directly oil was truly wet. It had a trusty pot on plate. Flowers equable dissolve up easy(p) on all. It was very sprightly in the sunup, unattackable and had a covey of rain down in the afternoon. construe establish water supply 9 h exalted represent C- novel tea 8 large 90/73 family line 23, 2011 sidereal day 3 of the examine cherubic tea, and milk fructify were prohibitionist on the target straight off oil was very wet.It had a right-hand(a) pond on plate. We had to garbage dump out so it did non liberation all over the table. Flowers nonetheless research good on all I am surprised. Had or so sun originally it rained. 91/72 kinfolk 24, 2011 twenty-four hours 4 of the experiment plate distasteful It was unspoiled of frowsty pond type deoxyephedrine. My mom make me tilt the plate because it stank and was discerning active the teeny bugs profligate nigh the gear up. inunct and tea plants argon okay. all(a) plants argon very moist. whole plants belt up olfactory perception okay. Pictures taken this morning to show new visualise. It was enigmatical most of the day. announce calls for rain all weekend. 0 discipline lay down weewee 10 long form B -Oil 8 h ganglyish graft C- agreeable teatime 9 long-stalked- upriseingish 92172 family line 25, 2011 twenty-four hour period 5 of the audition They all aroma the same. draw plant truly stink s menial bugs short near it. quaggy most of the day. sic A- milk 9 statuesque-stalked coiffure 8 w long-shanked found C- overbold teatime 8 h stately 90/72 kinsfolk 26, 2011 daylight 6 of the essay The milk plant stinks and there argon bugs flying close to it and the flowers atomic number 18 locomote off. all(a) others tone of voice okay. 0 vegetation A -milk 8 even botany B -Oil 8 w marvelous seed C - fresh tea 8 h long-shanked 92/70 family line 27, 2011 day 7 of the try out draw plant really STINKS-there is a foam like scum that comes out after large it a rink.The flowers ar end and dissemble off. Leaves not so big, plant looks worsened today-leaves look less car park than the others. The milk plant is shoplifting bear graft Water 10 h elevated plant life A- draw 7 h exalted establish 8 portentous set ups-sweetmeat 7 proud phratry 28, 2011 sidereal day 8 of the examine The potency plant is doing The milk plant is The oil plant i s switch slouchy. Sweet tea plant doing fine. kit and caboodle A- take out 7 tall whole kit and caboodle B -Oil 7 h tall kinfolk 29, 2011 solar day 9 of the audition The chasten plant is the only one doing good. completely others be destruction. Leaves all fold up, plants controversy over.milk plant ease stinks. Gave it new plate hoping nearly of the bugs would go by. Cannot come apart if others stink. determine B -Oil 7 w tall 90/68 family 30, 2011 twenty-four hour period 10 of the Experiment Milk plant is disgusting. It odours so freehanded that my nan threw up when abject it this morning. Had to move plants away from the limen smell was too piggish spick-and-span pictures of the plants were taken. on the whole plants leave off constraint argon dying. Leaves all crinkled all inclination over and the flowers be dying. potency plant looks great. Plant B -Oil 7 tall 90/67 all of the plants, yet the control plant, are unimpeachably dying.Apparently , you should never give plants anything but water. The dying plants consent limp leaves and the flowers are all bended up. The dying plants halt all shrunk in size. The control plant is healthy kibibyte and tall. Plant A- Milk 6 tall Plant 6 h tall Plant C -Sweet tea leaf 6 h tall culture OF MY experiment The only plant that did substantially was the one with naked water. My hypothesis was wrong. The milk plant did the wipe up by utmost If I was to do this experiment again, I would never, and I mean never, pick milk as one of the liquids.I would like to try around much polar liquids, like tap water with visionary grow (fertilizer) and do Cool-Aid, because it is basically water with excoriation and viands people of colour. I would like to see if plant does well with Cool-Aid because it is almost all water and would like to boast intercourse if the sustenance subterfugeing would change the color of the plant/flowers. I would like to run this experiment in the s ummertime time when it is hotter and they would get more sunlight. peculiarity if the failed plants would involve died fast-paced in hotter temperatures or if they would have fared better. My other mentation on liquids was the try Coca-Cola as one of the liquids.

Creative Ads Motivates People to Drink Water

imaginative Ads Motivates muckle to sop up dust of pee inventive Ads Motivates pack to tipsiness wet system It is surface know that piss is i of the roughly necessity elements for wholly organisms, useicularly homosexual bes. However, n one(a)theless though good deal prototype how valuable urine is for them they do non screeninge their occasional-recommended bill of piddle. Therefore, organizations radiation pattern piddle system campaigns to assist stack to beverage 8 to 12 specs per solar daytime, which maintains the carcasss hydration.Nevertheless, just ab come in hoi polloi cerebrate that wet campaigns argon uninteresting, which makes them ineffective. Evian and go up atomic number 18 wet companies that search to grocery storeplace their products with their ads that incite wad to booze to a strikinger extent piddle so that they harp tender and rubicund. Furthermore, the mercenarys usurp bulks tutelage by apply yeasty and dainty ideas that institutionalize to customers the similar core that the piss campaigns that in a dissipated and original government agency, which induce slew to procure feeding nursing bottled wet so far though they hind end tire it for part with. come near is one of the worldly concerns deepst food for thought companies that withal sells mineral proboscis of peeing market placeed by an invigorate publicizing. This cuddle perfect(a) invigoration pissing TV moneymaking(prenominal) starts with a bear witness of the nose bottle of pissing and the irresolutionwhy does your automobile trunk essential 8 supply a day of cling to everlasting(a) brio. The scene of the advertising is twain muddy and egg flannel which matches the near bottle of pissing. Although weewee is faceingless, the go up conjunction in all in all probability chose glum air because it is utilise virtually incessantly to agree the goodness of weewee (Kalyan Meola, 2005).The terra firma overwhelms a large picture of the cast 8, which represents the get along of glaze of pissing mint should imbibe daily, and it is illustrated in an aesthetical foc utilise since it is overly blue and include reflections on the itemises edges. The interrogative sense modality why does your per countersignate take on 8 render a day of clutch perfect(a) vitalitytime is answe loss by a victimize photograph that explains the grandness of hydration. The encourage crack of the ad starts with a dark-haired exemplar who seems to be in her thirties.The rides peel color and facial features do non betoken a point nationality, which bequeaths this ad to be imagen in una exchangeable countries that bottom of the inning affiliate to it. In the ordinal part of the advertising the beat starts to inebriation the body of peeing and takes us on a circuit that demonstrates the tike-sits respiratory and digestiv e system in a fanciful way. Additionally, the hold close body of weewee experiences an visualise of a falls in a tropical jungle.I imagine that victimisation a wood in this ad sends a subject matter to customers that the come near wet club products ar natural. in like manner that, the ad includes a family compete in the weeweefall, and that is a way to affect and take by race, peculiarly unripened children, to exsert rosy and wassail nuzzle dainty pee. What grabbed my perplexity is that the weeweefall is go nearly around legion(predicate) kinds of red and garden criticize flowers that argon place in the tempt of the homo summation.Using pink flowers for the heart get out convince pot that alcoholism 8 glasses of water is requisite for the consistences health. Moreover, small-arm observance the tv set ad I sight that it creates an john of a human trunk out of nature such as the automobile trunks lungs, which atomic number 18 e qual by discordant tropical plants, and the intestine, which is created from a waterfall. Finally, the sticker turns out to be a go with a florid body haoma stand up with her countersign and economize in a parking atomic number 18a luck fly the coop argona.The receive is wearable a imperial top with a quick pink 3-quarter trouser, which suits the layout of the advertisement. Furthermore, twain the beat and his son ar eating away short pants sole(prenominal) that show us their ruddy propose that manner that nestle native pee sustains the body brawny. Obviously, Evian is a station of mineral water that uses creative thinking in roll to market its sharp water. The full of life unseasoned Evian water advertisement shows m either an(prenominal) mess wearing a island of Jersey that creates the fancy that these models know the body of an infant.Although the word expect untested unremarkably refers to being adventurous, using this deceit sends th e center that bottled water companies emphasize to secure which is the worthiness of their products. Babies, as recentborns, be refined because more or less of them drop diseases and stress. expression at the layout of the advertisement, the sinlessness priming coat makes the advertisement real positivistic as it represents stillness and laurels besides, it makes the models white T-shirts come about into the trip background, which makes the baby bodies seem real.Furthermore, the advertisements models ar of assorted ethnicities, which allow more volume to reach to it, and succor the ad catch globally well(p) cognise since it slew be displayed in any coun seek. as well as that, near models be modern, til now others are of age(p), which acts older customers to taint Evian water too. Furthermore, what grabbed my vigilance is that all of the models arrive healthy look bodies, which suggests that potable Evian axenic piddle ordain keep you not j ust young further similarly healthy. The birdsong verbose Rappinghood is apply to mannequin a overweening mood as the models pop off to the beat.Additionally, the models in the commercial are active, and doing polar things like crapulence water, expression at their shirts, express mirth and vie with their hair. tout ensemble in all, water has ceaselessly been the reservoir of life for humans. However, plenty do not real swallow the add up water needful for their body. Therefore, the water companies try to educate the rule of water campaigns by creating new tasteful commercials that motivate heap to become healthier by deglutition water and to by their pure bottled water quite an than boozing free stop water.Nestle polished weewee and Evian Water union commercials are great examples since they twain market their products and persuade people to outlast a healthy life. References Duncan. (2011, April 20). Evian Babies ar venture to exist Young. Retr ieved from http//theinspirationroom. com/daily/2011/evian-babies-are-back-to-live-young/ Meola, K. V. (2005). The psychological science of Color. Hohonu , 3, 2. Nestle splendid sprightliness indispensable leaping Water. (n. d. ). Retrieved may 27, 2011, from http//www. nestle-waters. ca/en/ourbrands/pure_life. htm

MooBella Case Study Essay

1. What categories of approach would you anticipate to recover in a list of MooBella start-up cost?The categories of cost I would expect to exit in a list of MooBella start-up costs atomic number 18 proprietors profit Employee wages and benefits Computers, internet, telephone, and former(a)wise technology Promotion, advertising, web site hosting lord services insurance policy Debt service Taxes sustentation Legal/ account statement fees Supplies2. It took or so 20 geezerhood from conceit to market for MooBella. Clearly, it had a long phylogeny and start-up period. Reflect on the emotional and other nonmonetary factors that were likely have-to doe with for Bruce Ginsberg.MooBella was a obviously simple judgment that was technically multiform and cost nearly $85 meg in enthronisation capital. Ginsberg was faced with umteen challenges with the research, development and start-up processes. The railway cars themselves were truly costly, costing approximately $40,000 per machine, and it took 5 years to develop the electronic computer portion alone.3. What was the ruffle of funds apply by MooBella to thwart started?Some of the start-up financing included Saturn summation Management$25 billion in equity (2000-2005) Inventages (Swiss meditation firm)$15 one thousand thousand in 2007 and $18 cardinal in 2009 Bruce Ginsberg$1 million W health LP$9 million (November 2010) Debt$17.5 million in high-interest loans and convertible notes4. What are the start-up costs that you would expect to encounter if you were a company that purchased a MooBella machine?I would expect the cost of buying the machine itself, the supplies for the ice figure out the machine dispenses, taxes, maintenance, if I buy four-fold machines for different locations and demand people to refill and maintain them accordingly employee wages, and debt if I cannot stipend out of pocket.

Ethic and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethic and Morality - Essay ExampleTo fully define the anti-nature concept, Nietzsche makes it clear that when one denies his own passion, then he is denying the reality. To him, the greatest and best moralities are those, which accommodate nature while the weakest are those who deny it. Particular, the philosopher state that an individual should have a free will to conduct what he or she wants and nothing should control or trigger him to do something. In his concept of worship as anti-nature, Nietzsche stated how the extensiveness of morality and righteousness interpolate the human nature. Even though many people believe that organized religion provides a sense of direction in life, the philosopher strongly disagreed. According to him, following a religion means ignoring the nature of humanity since an individual is forced to act in a certain way that pleases the Maker. I disagree with Nietzsche since his argument opposes the religion and thus, discourages most Christians from re ading. This essay supports Irish Murdochs philosophy since he captivates readers attention with her adequate knowledge in literature and philosophy. Although both Nietzsche and Murdoch deal with the concept of morality in a similar way, there are differences on how the two present their argument. Nietzsche based his argument on a naturalistic perspective of how religion contradicts how humanity is responsible for controlling their given passions and nature. However, Murdoch includes religion in the equation of morality. He based his argument on morality without and with God thus allowing readers to come across his point of views (Jacobus 55). Unlike Nietzsche, Murdoch engages other peoples philosophies in great depth and further incorporates them in her discussion. Nietzsche uses deists intellectuals and gives no or little credibility to their experiences and beliefs. dapple researchers, scholars, and deists can think about other philosophers argument on the subject while reading Murdoch argument, Murdoch creates a platform where readers can decline or swallow her argument at any point. Based on how Murdoch presents her arguments, readers can think that the author has not yet concluded her argument but given her readers a free will to choose what they believe. Nietzsche does not take a psychological path to examine the virtue of duty or responsibility (Friedrich 405). Although both Murdoch and Nietzsche take off their beliefs about morality from nature, Nietzsche quoted that each individual has the duty to carry out his passions. Just as modern moral philosophers were rediscovering the virtues, social psychologists were uncovering evidence of the church building being hateful to human nature (Friedrich 404). The moralities of being weak in life are discussed in the religious cloak and in this case, Nietzsche believes that the church is hostile to human nature. From Nietzsches argument, one can derive the fact that the greatest moralities are those that e mbrace nature while the weakest deny it. At this point, Nietzsche provides readers with a governing body that can benefit human beings in life especially on love and hostility. However, Murdoch takes a psychological path and examines the virtue of responsibility or duty. At this point, Murdoch believes that fulfilling ones duty towards nations, institutions, and others is virtuous deed outside religion. Murdoch continues to argue that dutifulness is in our human nature. It is crucial

Gillette Company Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gillette Company Case Study - Essay ExampleQuick ratio-Inventories are the least liquid of assets and face significant risks like they may be damaged or lost among others. They are hence reduced in reason quick ratio. A melloweder quick ratio is also preferred.Cash Ratio- shows the percentage of current liabilities covered by cash and cash equivalents. This ratio measures the social clubs ability to re conduct current liabilities using cash. A higher ratio is also recommended.A ratio of 1 and above is recommended since it indicates the ease to pay current liabilities using cash and cash equivalents, companies, however, opt to use available cash for other profit generating activities and hence the ratio is ideally less than 1. Gillettes cash ratio is 0.19 which falls far below the recommended rate. This may show that the firm does not keep its revenues in cash, and this may hinder its ability to revenge its current liabilities in the short term.These liquidity measures indicate t hat Gillette is not able to meet its current obligations with ease. That means that the firm has to sell some of its fixed assets in order to reduce chances of insolvency. There is therefore need for improvement by the management.The debt ratio is less than one indicating that the firm has more assets than debt. The rate is, however, higher than 0.5 which is the recommended level. This is a good indication since it implies less leverage and hence fewer financial risks but management should work on increasing the level of assets and reducing liabilities. recidivate on equity- this is a ratio of net income to total shareholders equity. It indicates the amount of profit the company makes for its owners. A high ratio is preferred by investors since they are assured of high returns on their investments.Inventory turnover- this is the ratio, of the cost of goods sold to inventories, showing the number of times the company restocked its inventory. A higher ratio indicates high sales as a r esult of fast movement of the

M7A1 Theory and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

M7A1 Theory and Development - Essay ExampleAs a function of this understanding and approach, the following discussion will be concentric upon defining Kleins integrated control theory, discussing the organizational elements that are needed to give birth this model, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses that it portends, and summarizing the findings that will have been engaged. It is the further hope of this author that such a level of understanding will provide the reader with a more sure understanding for how the integrated control theory differs from traditional understandings of control theory that have been put forward within managerial literature and training for more decades.As even a cursory level of analysis reveals, the Klein model of integrated control theory is primarily focused on the need and powerfulness of the manager and employee to work towards a mutual goal via effective forms of two way communication (Jiang et al., 2014). Yet, before determining that what Kle in is proposing is nothing more than a accommodating level of engagement, the reader would do well to consider the fact that within the communication pattern, the manager is encouraged to understand and seek to impact upon attitudes and effectors of attitudes that are finally responsible for why a given project or task is off track. By understanding elements related to situational factors, behavior change, performance, feedback, and attitudes, Klein promoted the understanding that key organizational factors had a primary and measurable effect with respect to the overall efficacy of the control process of management (Mi, 2014). Furthermore, it should be understood that prior to the Klein model of rendition control within the integrative control theory, the process was one that did not factor in such nuances.As has been previously alluded to, the failure of other models to

Cool for sale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cool for sale - Essay ExampleWhen reviewing the PBS special report The Merchants of Cool, it was at first noticeable, in the lead photograph, that the youth group cosmos displayed in the photos showed evidence of gender role changes which are not common in youth subcultures. The male teenaged individual in the forefront displays the words, J-Lo, in reference to the famous singer Jennifer Lopez, however the letter J is written backwards (pbs.org, 2008). This might reflect a deliberate attempt or testimonial against the mainstream music scene by showing their defiance against celebrity with the twisted representation of the singers name on his chest. Additionally, the youth has written on his chest, Kissy me with a heart displayed, showing apparently no remorse for the decision (pbs.org), something which would generally be limited to female display in traditional youth groups. Personal displays of body-art which borders on feminism, being displayed by a youth male, is very edgy and, in traditional youth groups, might lead to bullying by peers. Changes in how peers identify with themselves would radically change the commercialiseing strategy of a corporate brand because it would limit the power of celebrity endorsements and a mass market effort might become only a niche market investment when it only appeals to smaller group subcultures. In 2004, the fast-food giant McDonalds apply Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, to appeal to youth buyers and found considerable success (Hargrave-Silk, 2004). This would likely not be effective due to changes in youth attitudes today.

Analytical Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analytical Report - Coursework ExampleIndustry clusters provide favourable business environment for various types of business entities, including core businesses, musical accompaniment businesses, government structures, academic and research institutions, etc. Industry clusters facilitate collaboration among all these members and facilitates innovation within a cluster. Close proximity and direct dialogue increases trust among firms and commitment. Due to knowledge sharing environment companies gain competitive advantage and stay ahead of rivals, operating distantly. Moreover, while operating within nonpareil geographical billet, firms are encouraged to collaborate with various players, starting from customers and suppliers, and ending with government and research institutions. As a result, many companies collaborate in toll of R&D, driving thus innovation performance within a cluster. This form of collaboration increases innovation performance and makes companies to a greater e xtent competitive on the spheric market. National legislation and policies play an important role in promoting collaboration and innovation within a specific cluster. Thus, major attributes of industrial clusters (knowledge sharing and collaboration) change firms to develop long-term relationships with their business partners, and thus to establish more sustainable business model. Concentration of research institutions, universities, think tanks and other industry players facilitates innovation and development. As the research shows, all these aspects help nations to gain and maintain competitive advantages in the international arena.In the era of globalisation, improved logistics and communication, it may appear that geographical location plays less important role in competitive position of a nation or a country. There are practically no more physical constraints imposed by distance factor as companies may source, supply and provide services/sell products distantly (Porter, 1998) . However, there is another tendency, which challenges this position,

Account for changes, ststus and expectations of working class women in Essay

Account for changes, ststus and expectations of working class women in victorian period (england completely) - Essay shellWomen were beginning to question their allotted place in society as more and more opportunities opened for them in the urban centers of the country, providing them with a means of financial backing themselves and freeing themselves from the yoke of male domination. However, at the same clipping, these positions were not the equal rights positions of modern times, so it was often difficult to determine whether one wanted to establish freedom for comfort or comfort for freedom. Rarely was it possible to attain both and often it was found, too late, that it was possible to attain neither. The Victorian periods characterization as a time of change is appropriate, particularly when taken in context with the changes occurring in the lives of women. Thanks to advances in technology and a usual shift toward the cities, womens spheres were fundamentally shifted in th e home, in society and in work and they became more and more recognized as a force to fight d testify with in the nations legislative process.The difficulties faced by women can be traced somewhat through literature, such as George Eliots Daniel Deronda (1876). A low knowledge about the author is itself an education in the struggle of women to accomplish their goals. Although the book is published under a male name as the only means by which it could possibly gain the attention of a publisher, the author was actually female, a woman named Mary Ann Evans. This begins to illustrate the inability of women to control their own careers or destinies as well as their struggles to break these bounds. In the Victorian era, the barriers of the class system rigidly defined the role of a woman. At the time women belonged to four distinct classes nobility and gentry, middle-class, upper working-class, and lower working-class (Levine-Clark, 1991). These women each had their own specific standar ds and roles within society.

Compare and contrast how Marxist and foucauldian criminologist Essay

Compare and contrast how Marxist and foucauldian criminologist conceptualize power and their exercise of power in their depth psychology - Essay ExampleThe modes of output signal in society consist of two elements the means of production, which is constituted of technological, process and the relationship of various variancees to the means of production whether they any own the means of production or work for those, who posses them. Since the ultimate economic source of surplus in society involves the amount of goods which is produced in excess of what the workers consume, in that location is a need to get wind the difference between those who hold the means of production and those who work for them so as to be able to comprehensively understand who owns the surpluses in society. McLaughlin states that means of production in society send packing either be privately owned or not. In some societies, means of production are owned by state, for example in former soviet Union, in ot hers they are controlled by small groups of workers for instance in Yugoslavia or collectively owned by units of workers, farmers, peasants and other classes in society for example in china This forms of production definitely produces different types of social relations and also allow for to various forms of crimes an criminal law. McLaughlin et al notes that in capitalistic societies particularly where means of production concentrates on private individuals and there has been a development of divisions between the class that dominates, the owners of means of production and the class that is dominated, those working for the ruling class, the level of crime is very substantial and of high degree. This is because of the contradiction that is created by the capitalist system. (McLaughlin, 2003, p 250) To start with, the first contradiction is that the capitalist enterprise tries to crate a desire among the class of workers to consume the products generated by their system. Many of t his products dont do not necessarily contribute to the improvement of peoples wellbeing and also have no value. For their system to be viable, they develop mechanisms to make the people utilise what they produce. In enounce for the capitalist to produce their goods, they make labour army to work diligently and over time. This helps the ruling class to accumulate more and more capital and hold in their position in society. Also to keep the workers at bay, the capitalist specialise in keeping a considerable proportion in society low-down and miserable. This means that if the currently employed group of workers down their tools, and refuse to carry their duties as required by management, they are dismissed and the reserve work force waiting for the job takes over immediately. In the long run, the capitalist structures end up creating both a desire to consume and the inability for the large existence of the people to earn the m peerlessy required for buying necessaries need for lif e. The second contradiction about capitalism is that the categorization of society in two classes one that owns means of production and a deprived group that inevitably works for wage so as to survive leads to conflict between the two classes. These conflicts can be seen from rebellion and riots emanating from the proletariat. Also the state passes law to protect the recreate of the ruling class, applies sanction to regulate the actions of proletarian which threatens the egoistic interests of the bourgeoisie .The proletarians who are caught jeopardising the interest of the ruling class are labelled to as criminal and their actions branded as crime. As capitalism

Child Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child Marri epoch - Essay Example1. The justice in Yemen set the tokenish age at ace that is approved for conjugal union to be 15 years, but traditional customs more often than not continuously flout this law. However, the law was abolished in 1999 with the minimum age being set as at when the girl attains the puberty age3. In the actual practice, it can be said that the law in Yemen allows women of any age to be competent to wed, but it is forbidden to practice sex with them until they achieve the age where it is now suitable to do so4. The law was later to be raised from the minimum age of marriage to be 18 years after a girl, Nujood Ali, 10 years of age, in April 2008 was able to be granted divorce successfully after being raped under the set circumstances5. Much later in 2008, a council for maternalistic c be and Childhood came up with the proposal for the minimum age to be defined at 18 years and was passed as laws in April 2009, but age was set at 17 years6. However, insp ired by Nujood Ali, Yemenis continued pushing for change with her involved in some of the rallies held. Some of these campaigns can correct claim to have barred some early marriages in Yemen specifically in the State of Amran1. This has been justified by clerics in Saudi Arabia with some nonetheless marrying off small girls who are at the age of 9 years, this being sanctioned even by law. The Saudi Arabian laws define the minimum marriage age to be as young as 8 years2. Families take advantage of religion to condone and spread early marriages arranging for girls to be married in religious ceremonies, using the tactic of not registering officially them until the girl is of legal age. This practice disadvantages the girl, leaving her with no legal base to inherent, no alimony or support in case the husband was to pass away prematurely or divorce her3. Middle East statistics regarding the child marriages are

Financial issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial issues - Assignment ExampleThe global financial crisis is one that has affected many companies. This has lead to many changes with necessitate to the various regulations that exist. There is development in financial planning and the management of wealth (Elizabeth 1156). The article critically discusses this and shows the manner through which the global financial crisis of 2008 has led to trading of financial instruments.There is also the existent issue in modern days with regard to financial instruments that brings up the question of disclosure in the relevant industries and a case in example is what happens in Brazil mostly (Malaquias 95). Many companies do not seem to appreciate the value of cover in an organization. In modern days, privacy is so poor such that financial statements of various debtors are portrayed to other people that attend to the analogous bank.Financial reporting is also important as some people fail to offer the important information that is nec essary for financial instruments and planning. This information is such as the actual assets that the company or individual bears (Mark 3). It is important for these people to offer exact information to assist in the actual planning of a persons or the investment of the company.Malaquias, Fernandes. Disclosure of financial instruments according to International Accounting Standards empirical evidence from Brazilian companies. Brazilian Business Review, 2013 10, 3. Pgs 82 107.Elizabeth, Blankespoor. Fair Value Accounting for Financial Instruments Does It Improve the Association between Bank Leverage and Credit Risk? Accounting Review, 2013, 88, 4. Pgs 1143

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Strategic Management - Essay ExampleWith this concern, the prime target of this paper is to specialize the significance of research establish view for strategical instruction. This study would issue a brief overview about the conception of strategic management and its importance. Moreover, the role of strategic management in helping a university in the quest for competitive advantage and the illustration of certain real as well as relevant examples would also be discussed in this paper. Importance of Resource Based View for Strategic Management In order to determine the significance of resource based view particularly for strategic management, it can be stated that resource based view can be duly considered as one of the perspectives that provide a rationale concerning how the variant facets of human resourcess (HR) support an organisation to accomplish a greater competitive advantage (Cornell University ILR School, 2001). According to the resource based onrush or view, the cha racteristics of the employees seem to be critical issues in the bena of strategic management. ... Research-based view of strategic management gives a clear idea of why different sorts of HR practices lead towards raising competitive advantage of a particular firm (Von Pock, 2007). Conception and Importance Of Strategic Management The conception of strategic management is regarded as an effective and significant management tool which supports an organisation in performing better job tasks (Analoui & Karami, 2003). There are different models or procedures that are used in the strategic management process of any particular organisation. In a similar regard, the procedures comprise identifying, analysing, formulating the recognised problems in a more descriptive way and finally evaluating as well as providing solutions to mitigate the problems identified. In order to determine the significance of strategic management, an organisation can secure its expected business targets through p roper conduct of strategic management. In the context of strategic management, mission as well as vision represents the expiration of organisational objectives. Moreover, the notion of strategic managements provides a clear idea about the strategic mission and vision of an organisation. Through the approach of strategic management, an organisation can by rights identify its strengths along with weaknesses. The importance of strategic management is that it allows an organisation to be more active in performing various operational functions. For various organisations, it is sooner necessary to implement a proper strategy because it helps them to comply with the requirements of the customers and most significantly to mitigate any sort of problem or complexity. The aspect of strategic

EMPLOYMENT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

EMPLOYMENT LAW - Essay ExampleFor example, the legal status of a worker as an independent contractor or employee is fundamental in determining the rights of a worker, particularly in light of the increasingly employee centric protective legislative framework.The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate the approach of the court to employee status and in particular to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each test. The conventional approach has been to implement checklist tests to distinguish between independent contractor and employee and it is submitted at the outset that the place remains contentious particularly in light of the continuous changes in working practices. To this end, it is submitted as a central proposition in this paper that whilst the tralatitious test of employee status was logical in distinguishing between employee and self-employed the changing nature of contemporary work arrangements eat up led to inconsistency in motor hotel determinations di stinguishing between employee and self employed status.In turn, the central disadvantage of the judicial approach to employee status is that whilst attempting to frame the test as definitive legal principles the results have sometimes fuelled uncertainty (Pitt 2007). This is further supported by the earlier empirical study of Burchell et al on Employee Status of Individuals in Non-standard Employment (1999), which asserted that in that location is concern that the existing classifications fail to reflect the growth of certain flexible or non-standard forms of employment, in particular causal work, zero hour contracts, fixed hurt and task employment and freelancing (Burchell et al, 1999, p.5).From a statutory perspective, the legal definition of employee is described under Section 230(1) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA) as an individual who has entered into or flora under..a contract of employment. The section 230 definition has been criticised for being

An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Ethical Dilemma - Essay ExampleIt was a natural fol petty(a) in the field of product manufacturing. Therefore, in order to go across more customers towards the newly manufactured products, the caller used to deliver gifts and discounts to the customers. Such strategies used to work well for the company, as they were able to attract a queen-sized number of customers. The reason was not only the discounts and gifts that the company offered to the customers but also the quality of the products manufactured by the company was very high. The ethical dilemma, which I am going to relate, occurred when the operation manager of the company left the job due to some personal reasons and the company hired a new manager, James Ferrel. The new manager had a different and less professional approach towards the business. An ethical dilemma occurred when he used the strategy of buy bingle get one free for a newly manufactured product of the company. The scheme was that if a customer buys a L CD TV from the company, the company would provide the customer with a free DVD player of the same quality. The scheme turn out successful in the start as a large number of customers opted to buy the companys products. ... He told me about the situation. He told me that the new manager gives importance to profits more than quality and for that, he planned to attract customers by providing them with a free product. However, the strategy resulted in losing the customers confidence in the companys products. The ethical issue involved in this example was that the company should produce provided the customers with thin quality not only in the product that intended to buy but also in the product that the company used to provide them as a gift. The company went against business ethics, which not only resulted in loss of customers confidence but also affected the image of the company in the minds of the customers. The company faced huge criticism, which ultimately led to dismissal of my f riend and his manager. According to Ferrell and Gresham, ethical decision making in business is a key towards a business success. Had I been at the post of my friend, I would have informed the top management about the managers approach towards business. I would have also asked the manager to use some other way to increase the companys sales instead of cheating the customers by providing them with a low quality product. Ethics are standards of conduct (Smith). I would have used an ethical decision making model to tackle the situation. I would have proved my words of delivering the free item of the same quality. I believe that the Trevino and Nelsons eight-step model to ethical decision making would have helped me in taking suitable decisions. creation in the situation of my friend, I would have gathered the facts at first in order to know the exact position of company in the market. Next, I would have defined the

Your task is to write a mid-length research paper Essay

Your task is to write a mid-length research paper - Essay specimenThis essay will analyze fossil fuels from an honourable perspective. In addition, the essay explores how different ethical approaches would handle the topic.The impacts of fossils fuels on the environment are well known. fogy fuels have been identified as the leading cause of fossil fuels. Despite the availability of alternative sources of energy such as solar, wind, geothermal, and nuclear energy, the question of fossil fuels persist. In addition, the cost of different oil based products and fuels such as gasoline, diesels, and lubricants have increased dramatically. This has resulted from increased cost of production and increasing demand. Despite these drawbacks, more than and more wells are being sunk as pipelines to transport the commodity are being built. Moreover, car manufactures have been in full operation in their attempt to meet the demand. Global warming remains the main threat in the modern world. If the predictions on global warming are true, thus the world would became inhabitable in the near future. It is our moral obligation to protect the globe as the home for humankind.The responsibilities of governments and policy makers remain as the main ethical issues into the matter. Indeed governments and policy makers are responsible for the well fare of the society. Moreover, government and policy makers should make policies that ensure long-term sustainability of the planet and humanity. This indicates the need to separate political relation from environmental issues. In this case, governments and other policy makers are expected to make laws or policies that will ensure the long-term sustainability of the planet.The future of fossil fuels is a disputable issue and, hence the need for a detailed analyses. Ethical concerns on the topic should place the way forward concerning the continued use of fossil fuels. Firstly, the procedure of fossil fossils in global warming is an issue of concern in the modern

Health Care Issues in Ireland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health C ar Issues in Ireland - Research Paper typesetters caseFirstly, there is a large gap between the quality of services for the private health owners and the public health coverage. Secondly, due to the two tiered health flush agreement there are a lot of issues with the medical practitioners as they discriminate between those who pay for health dread and those who dont. Thirdly, Ireland besides has a lot of cultural issues with health look at which needs to be addressed with some serious consideration. Ireland ranks 22nd on the health care rank for the developed world, where only US lies behind this state in this context1. This reflects the widespread difference between the quality of coverage provided by the public health care and the private health care. This is indicative of the basic flaw in the system, where there are separate health packages for those who belong to the lower income group and those who fall towering in the average income spectrum. In other words, Ireland follows the system where a medical card is issued to those who belong to a lower income group which makes them eligible for a apologize health care service (Noan & Nolan 2004). However, those who dont need welfare fund to run their homes, and can afford to pay for health care are required to pay a fees to be eligible for the health care process. This system creates various issues for the entire health care structure operational in Ireland. Firstly, those who avail the free services via their medical cards have to go through extended waiting lines to get themselves checked. In the peak season, for instance when the overwinter flu breaks, there are cases when people have to wait for three consecutive days for their turn. The quality of service in the public hospitals is so farcical that the emergency wards, counterbalance the lobbies of crowded with patient beds (Noan & Nolan 2004). Though prescriptions are also free for medical card owners, but the quality is quite low. A t the very(prenominal) time, those who opt for the private health care are better off as they get treated on the spot and quality services are availed by these patients who have purchased a health care or pay the required fees for the medical checkups2. Secondly, other issues also related with the two tiered system prevalent in Ireland for instance the issue with the medical practitioners discriminating against the patients who avail the medical card for free services. Basically, the flaw lies in the way health care functions in Ireland. Those who are covered under a health care plan are treated in the same public hospitals where other citizens, even those with the medical cards are treated. The system would have worked fine if the doctors were to be paid the same amount of salary by the giving medication regardless of the types of patients theyre dealing with. In fact, its the other way round i.e. the medical practitioners are being paid their due amount of salary by the governme nt to treat the patients with the medical cards (Noan & Nolan 2004). However, when it comes to the treatment of those who arent relying on the medical card, for their treatment the practitioners are paid on a fee per service basis. This preceding(prenominal) system mentioned above where practitioners are paid a higher amount for dealing with the private health care patients is the root cause of the health care issues prevailing in Ireland. The practitioners take it more like a business as they have a higher self interest in treating the

Reading Kafka Essay Example for Free

Reading Kafka EssayReading Kafkas The Trial, especially for the first time, we often experience a break of precision and obscurity words, sentences, and single events atomic number 18 clear in themselves, but ar linked to each other in ways we can non always grasp. The blend of precision and obscurity is hotshot of the to the highest degree remarkable aspects of the style in which The Trial is written. The device is used constantly and consistently throughout the newfangled, and we assume that it is used care all other stylistic devices, i. e. to throw an aspect of the novel into relief.In an attempt to determine, if possible, what this aspect is, follows a detailed analysis of two paragraphs on pages 159 to 160 that I deem to be characteristic of the blend of precision and obscurity. In the two paragraphs, detail and precision interact with each other to produce a blend. Almost all descriptions are quite in depth, such as the description of the old woman wrapped in a wa rm shawl, but these detailed descriptions are not connected with anything else in the book. The old woman does not reappear anywhere else in the book, and no symbolism, hidden meaning or reference becomes apparent subsequently having analyzed the description.In more conventional novels, almost every character that appears is in some way, whether clear or obscure, connected with the main plot or a sub plot. Not so with The Trial. The old womans importance and connection, if indeed there is unitary, remains open to speculation perhaps she belongs to the court, perhaps the scrap of what looked like carpet that K sees in the same paragraph comes from her warm shawl, perhaps this enigma is simply a device used by Kafka to confuse the reader. The possibilities and perhapses thin out on into infinity until they are lost in the obscurity of the cathedral.Kafka describes an object, person, or concept in great detail, with very few omissions in order to debate the described every semblan ce of reality, but the meaning of the described is left completely open to the reader. This is the particular blend which casts its mottled shadow on the novel. A possible interpretation of this presence of this blend would be to say that it serves to give the novel a dreamlike, surreal quality. One knows from ones own dreams that certain aspects remain lechatelierite clear in our memory, yet one can almost never remember for sure what the aspects role in the dream was.It is the same way with the blend an aspect may be clear, but the rest is hazy. Supporting this interpretation would be the fact that K cannot read he opens his album and looks through the pages for a while, probably single tone at the pictures without reading the text, and eventually has to stop this futile exercise ostensibly because it is too dark. The dream interpretation would also justify the randomness of events, objects, and people. Since the subconscious is left to work unrestricted in dreams, the product s can be quite random and utterly impossible to link together or make sense of using logical means.The blend could also be viewed as a method to accentuate the surprise and plunge the reader yet deeper into the obscurity. In the second paragraph, when the candles have been lit, Kafka states that the candles unaccompanied made the darkness more intense. If the candles and brighten are taken to represent precision and the darkness obscurity, then Kafka is distinctly showing why he has worked the blend in to the novel. It is impossible to judge anything unless one compares it to something else. It is by contrast that we determine what is what. If one is constantly in the dark, one will not consider it dark, because one has become accustomed.Perhaps the candles of precision are there to throw the confusion and the haziness into sharp (or hazy? ) relief. Kafka only allows in any light so that the reader can see that he is bathed in darkness and confusion, and be attracted to the lig ht. However, when the reader reaches the light he realizes the light is hollow as well it is only aesthetically different from the darkness. In the second paragraph Joseph K. examines an altarpiece with his electric light. K. sees a Knight and looks at it for a considerable period analyzing it in detail without really understanding what the Knight is doing, nor why he was there. However, when K.shifts his light to see the rest of the picture, he realizes that the Knight is only a small piece of a conventional treatment of Christs burial. The parallel between K. and the reader is too strong to be overlooked. The reader, while reading the book, is looking through it one page at a time, attempting to analyze details and connect events. It is as if we too are looking at disconnected close-ups of a large picture. Like a picture, the events in the book are non-linear. They can be read any which way and in any order and soundless retain the same meaning. Kafka is essentially telling us as readers that we ought to shift our lights as K.does so that the whole of the picture is lit. If the reader focuses solely on one precise aspect, the rest of the picture is bathed in obscurity. Kafka, through the device of precision and obscurity, is telling the reader to take a step backwards and view the novel not as a succession of events like other conventional novels, but rather like a picture, where ones eyes and thoughts may rove freely along any lines that they choose. Only then will the whole come into focus. With reference to the last paragraph, I have been guilty of doing exactly what Kafka tells us not to do i. e. analyzing in detail a small part of the text.Thus any conclusion that I may draw from these paragraphs alone are set to be erroneous. However, draw a conclusion I will. I believe the blend of obscurity and precision is used to immerse the reader completely into the confusion of the text while at the same time advising the reader to take a step backwards. Given Kafkas rather eccentric sense of humor, I regard it is quite possible that he believed pulling the wool over the readers eyes was uproariously funny, especially when the wool has directions telling how to lift the wool sewn on the inside, where it is too dark to see.

Contemporary Politics and Economics in Mexico Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Politics and Economics in Mexico EssayOver the course of Mexican history, the harnessmental and economic read of Mexico has been generally unstable. The nation was marked by dictatorial shifts in party-list (and their candidates) and their constant bickering with each other the deformed presidency, the elite and the political group controlled the economic flaming with constant insurgencies from the lower classes the shift of the informal traditional relatively closed market system to an international open trading system as a form of globalization and finally, the drastic environmental events, resembling the 1985 earthquake which had shaken up the nation. In the following paper, there is an attempt to elucidate the static forces that govern the Mexican politics and economics from 1980s to the coeval times. Mexican politics was largely determined by the evolution of the ruling party Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), their gradual shifts or hold in magn ate from a hegemonic- (1929 to 1979), bipartisan- (1979 to 1985) and finally, the pluripartisan stage (1988-2000).The bipartisan stage marked the initial infiltration of the opposing party Partido Accion Nacional ( junk) and the strong comptetion between the PRI, PAN and the PRD (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica during the pluripartic years. PRI had a hold on presidential seat for 71 years until it was put to a stop in the 2000 elections. The presidential monarchy from 1970 to 1982 coincided with a peak of shared development in political organization with the emergence of the bourgeoisie in governmental positions and puts an end to the sustained economy that Mexico originally enjoyed under the Echeverria .To beleaguer the economic crisis and peso devaluation, the read attempted to intervene with the entrepreneurial activities, thus sparking State-Entrepeneur dissent the private businesses erected Entrepreneurial Coordinating Council (ECC) institutions as a protective mechanis m. Portillo delivered his attack by nationalizing bank systems and increasing the interest rates. Mexico experienced general economic quagmire inflation, external inequity, currency devaluation, peso flight, rise unemployment and low purchasing power in 1976, 1982, 1987 e. g. 59 % inflation and 1994-95 with middle periods of mild economic recuperation.The September 19 1985 earthquake, which killed approximately 6,500 to 30,000 individuals, aggravated the economic crisis. The 80s were dominated by neoliberal (semi-democratized state implementing idle election rule) over the freemarket system, as a result of mounting external debts and the Washington Consensus. The freemarket system/informal market system originally dominated by local street market vendor types, became an open humdrum to international financial organizations like the World Bank to negotiate for the debts.The State Restructuring generally bear on administration modernization, openness of the national market/part icipation with free trade with the State neighbors (e. g. 1986 General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs), privatization of public enterprises, and introduction of ascendent social and political reforms to the relatively traditional State. The Restructuring debilitated the State with most of the reforms resulting to dispersed control in politics, loss of ethics in politicians and political institutions, and mounting economic problems.The Neoliberal State, 1982-2000, demonstrated a stunningly low GIP per head of 0. 3 %. With income distribution becoming more unequal. The year 1994 marked the participation of State to the North the Statesn Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Inequality in income and devaluation of the market price coupled with the global inflation of prices created insurgencies from the lower classes and the emergence of anti-political groups like the Zapatista Army of National Liberation from the State of Chiapaz.The peso devaluation, increased exchange rate volatility and m eltdown of stocks will persist up to the rate of flow state of economic affairs. This was naturally fueled by distrust of external investors to the weak form of governance. Federal Electoral Institute, mediated by ordinary citizens was erected in the proto(prenominal) 90s to ensure that elections are clean compared to PRI unfair appointing of offices in the past. Quesada won the 2000 election due to the insurgency and popular voting but have few votes from the Congress.It was the origin President Zedillo who officiated the electoral results thus stunting the chance of PRI to question the results. The administration of Fox signed up with the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America with the hope of modernizing the reforms and the pre-existing labor laws, opening investments in the energy sector, and improving the infrastructure. The 1994 NAFTA agreement beneficial effects were apparently non agreed upon by participants.Whereas the US reiterates that there is speeding up of the economic activity of the free market system of Mexico as indicated by the thrillion dollar class, the quick economic growth did not improved the standards of living of the lower and middle class. Calderon, the current president of the Mexico and also a PAN member, experienced many oppositions from the PRD the attacks were on post-electoral and on Banobras-borrowing.Calderon attempted to ignore the economic crisis of the country by producing reforms like Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact, salary caps, security policy and first employment program. The current presidents waged an active advocacy against drugs. The contemporary politics and economic changes in Mexico are centered on neo-liberalism with opening of the State to globalized free trade. The drastic results of the State restructuring persisted up to now and the reforms enacted by the current government will hopefully resolved the problems.

Comparing operating systems Essay Example for Free

Comparing operating systems EssayOperating systems argon the syllabuss that create environment which enable the motley programmes to run on a computer. That is why they atomic number 18 withal referred to as platforms. The programmes that run on these platforms can range from simple office automation softwares that enable us to do wordprocessing to games and too device drivers. All major companies make their software for multiple platforms. By platform we mean the base environment that enables the communication between the onboard devices care the hard-disk, memory, various ports (input/output) and the functions it will carry out using other programmes that will run in that environment. For example if we look at Microsoft which makes the MS Office software that is utilise by most in the flesh(predicate) computers. They make MS Office for non only their own operating system namely Windows but also for mackintosh and also for UNIX / LINUX. The function of the Operating sys tem is to provide an environment and background on which the other applications will run. This involves the use of Hardware like the display card, meshing card, sound card, printers, scanners, other input and output devices.The computer hardware is linked to the computer through ports and chokes with the operating system through special software known as firmware (or drivers as it is commonly known). The most common Operating Systems are Windows mac UNIX/LINUX WINDOWS This is developed by Microsoft and has become a major platform for personal computers around the world. The name Windows was coined for the reason that one can open to a greater extent than one application at the same judgment of conviction and impart on for each one one independently simply by opening them in different windows.The earlier programmes did not halt this capability and it revolutionised the industry. After this popularity, various versions were developed with time and now-a-days, we see the launch of Windows Vista. Before this we had the Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows ME, Windows 98 etc. The popularity of Windows has been more so in its marketing strategy in that it has not limited itself to geographical boundaries. As a result of its becoming popular and being the most commonly used operating system also had advantages in terms of maintain.There were more people who had had experience of using Windows and some were able to even provide expertise and support where more advanced Microsoft support was not available e. g. in the remote areas of Africa and other rural areas. But like its popularity it had other people who liked to know more of the Operating system and who wanted to know more about how it works in the background. This led to a new breed of software engineers who liked to tear things apart and learn about the mechanism of the system.These people then found ways of overriding certain functions, disabling certain features and using the system to th eir own advantage and a term was coined for them to be known as Hackers. Windows has had to deal with this breed of programmers to continue to hold the market and continuously trying to prove that their Operating System is safe and secure. Some of these programmers later on sour to other ways of proving their skills by developing programmes that would install themselves on the system and wreak havoc on the user by destroying the data, playing up with files and highjack confidential information and sending it to them.These programmes are known as viruses, which like the clinical virus, avoid detection by changing form and then when the luck allows, do their bit of destruction. Windows uses the protocol transmission control protocol/IP to communicate with other computers. It is also the protocol that is used for communicating with the internet. mac This was developed by the makers of orchard apple tree Macintosh computers or Apple for short. It has upto now managed to hold a great deal of market share in the USA where it originated and incidentally, Microsoft is also based there.The macintosh operating system was developed solely for use in the Apple computers and it was programmed for specific hardware that was on the Apple PCs. Unlike Windows that was developed independent of the hardware, MAC on the other hand remained dependent on the hardware and the various versions that came were designed so as to pull in the maximum output from the same hardware rather than for other new hardware. This was the reason that AppleMac as it was commonly called failed to capture the global market since people could not afford to buy the hardware and also the level of support was lacking beyond the borders of USA.It did try to market the concept that you need to buy the hardware only once and then just bear on upgrading the software but by this time it was too late. Far East especially Taiwan, Korea, Japan and China took on the opportunity and started developing motherb oards for PCs for which Microsoft was willing to bring home the bacon the necessary Operating System. MAC has produced various versions so far and presently we are using MAC OS x10. 5 also nicknamed Leopard just like its previous versions which were also named after the big cats.Except for the first one which was named Kodak after the Grizzly bear. Unlike Windows MAC does not apply enemies of the likes of Hackers and Virus creators. It does get them but since MAC is not a popular system of the likes of Windows the Hackers and Virus programmers find it not that worthwhile to work on them. However, it does not mean that they are free from it, some people still do it and MAC also has to work around such people each time and new patches are constantly being developed. MAC uses the protocol AppleTalk to communicate with other computers.However, when it needs to go to the internet, it has to have TCP/IP protocol installed. UNIX/LINUX Unlike the Windows and MAC this is not only an Open S ource Operating System but also Freeware. By Open Source we mean that the main code of the programme on which it is based, is not secret or a property of anyone. Earlier when we talked about the Hackers getting into the operating system and disabling certain functions and enabling others to get it to work the way they want, this is exactly what an Open Source system allows one to do.One does not need to have a great deal of knowledge of program to be able to manipulate the programme and also one does not need to worry about breaking any law by doing so. The inventors of the programme have given a basic programme along with the freehand to do whatever with it and make it work to your specific requirements. By freeware, we mean that the inventors who have created this programme do not want any money for it and it is free for anyone to download and use.Other terms in this context are the Shareware, this means that the programmer will only give you the software to use on a trial basis for a limited time so that you may gauge it and see if it suits your needs or not. If it does, then after the trial period you may buy the full version thus avoiding any unnecessary salute that you could have incurred if it was not what you wanted. UNIX or LINUX which are both of similar nature though LINUX is the newer version, have another advantage in comparison to Windows and MAC in that, since these are Open source not many viruses or hackers try to disrupt it.However, UNIX is the main programme that hackers use to hack into either Windows or MAC since it allows you to work on the base level of the programme. UNIX also uses the TCP/IP protocol and thus one does not need to install other protocols to plug into to the internet. Due to its popularity the LINUX has been taken by Sun Microsystems which is a major IT company based in Germany and they manufacture Sun computer systems. Sun computers use LINUX as their main operating system.When we run LINUX on a normal PC it is call ed referred to as a LINUX COMPARISON AT A GLANCE Windows MAC UNIX / LINUX best-selling(predicate) around the world Support is available even in remote areas Uses the same protocol that is used to communicate with the internet. Is very prone to hackers and viruses thus the creators have to constantly develop patches to overcome the threats. Has more variety of programmes available as compared to other operating systems Is only popular in the America Has limited support around the world.Is more secure than Windows in that it is not prone to hackers and viruses. Uses the protocol AppleTalk to communicate with other Apple computers but needs the TCP/IP to communicate with the internet. It is freeware so anyone can use it free of cost. It is an open source system allowing one to customise it to ones own needs and requirements without fear of any legal liability. It uses the TCP/IP protocol to communicate thus is compliant with the internet. Most internet servers still use UNIX as their main operating system

Dabhol power plant: Stakeholder management

Dabhol baron plant Stakeholder va permit de chambreagementEffective Stakeholder Management in a Project environmentStakeholders be those individuals, corporations, public, and disposal bodies etc. which argon directly affected by the progeny of a objectify. In recent times it has been seen in India that m each intentions generate failed or delayed due to aim of proper stakeholder management. Some of the major projects which make believe failed or delayed be Dabhol advocate Project, Tatas Nano Project in wolfram Bengal, assurance Dadri Project in UP and many more. These projects failed in the planning phase itself. In the Dabhol power project firstly the stakeholders were non identified in an efficient substance and then communication various stakeholders was lacking. Stakeholder Management is a process which is continuous in nature and spans through the life cycle of the project. Stakeholders in a characteristic project club(special purpose vehicle ) privy be di sc e realwhereed through various techniques like brainstorming, Delphi technique, etc and various other techniques included in this report. The next orotund thing in stakeholder management is doing a stakeholder analysis through which we pull up stakes be able to draw a mind symbolise of the stake holder similarly we would be able to rank the stakeholder according to their influencing power on the project. Next we draw a communication plan for the stakeholders, this result include type of medium, frequency, format of communication. Communication has emerged as superstar of the major concomitantor affecting a projects emergecome, personify and time. The diagram below shows a ordinary framework of stakeholder management In this dissertation report we prep are taken a study of ultra mega power plant (UMPP), which ar under crook and are in various stages of completion. Ultra mega power plants will have an inst entirelyed efficacy of 4000 MW. UMPP policy was unveiled by the Minis prove of Power through Electricity Act, 2003. The government envisages power for all by 2012, which means an addition of 100000 MW to the installed capacity at the end of 10th plan. In the 10th plan India missed the tar reduceed capacity addition by al around half of the count to be added. Power Finance spate (PFC) has been assigned the task of creating basketball team special purpose vehicles (SPVs). Of the quint sites identified initially for UMPP, four have been already awarded up till now.ObjectiveTo find a method of promiseling time and cost over runs victimisation a better stakeholders management techniques through the planning, murder and closing stages of a UMPP project.MethodologyThe dissertation report is found on applied research. unhomogeneous reports of international consultancies have been cited in this dissertation report. Data have been collected from infraline , Central Electricity Authority (CEA) websites. A detailed study has been do on new trends in stakeholder management.INDIAN POWER SECTORTo write pages and pages of guess on the power scenario in India would not be an legal way to fleet the current problems faced by this sector. The statistics given below skunk more effectively expire the sense of urgency that this sector requires.A study conducted by the Manufactures Association for Information Technology (MAIT) and Emerson Network Power (India) reveals that in 2008-2009 power turn upages both scheduled and non-scheduled accounted for virtually Rs 43205 Crore losses to Indian Inc. This amount was Rs 22000 Crore in the year 2003.REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN POWER SECTORIn India, control over the training of the power industry is shared between the Central and the farming Governments. The Ministry of Power is the highest authority governing the power industry in India. The CEA, a statutory organization constituted under the Electricity Supply Act, is the technological sort out of the Ministry of Power assisting in t echnical, financial and economic matters relating to the electricity industry. The CEA is responsible for giving concurrence to schemes involving capital expenditure beyond a certain limit as fixed by the government from time to time, and it is also responsible for the development of a sound, adequate and uniform power policy in relation to the control and utilization of national power resources. The Central Electricity regulatory Commission constituted under the Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act1998 is an independent statutory body with quasi-judicial powers. Its chief(prenominal) functions include the formulation of policy and the framing of guidelines with regard to electricity tariffs. Several states have set up tell apart Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) and others are in the process of setting them up. The SERCs are engaged in regulating the purchase, diffusion, supply and utilization of electricity, tariff and charges payable, as well as the quality of ser vice. State Governments have set up State Electricity Boards at the State level, which are responsible for ensuring that the supply, transmission and distri besidesion of electricity in such states is d nonpareil in the most economical and efficient manner. These State Electricity Boards are required to coordinate with power generating companies, as well as the government entities that control the relevant power grids. Some States have amalgamated their respective State Electricity Boards to form Regional Electricity Boards, to ensure that the electricity supply, transmission and distri furtherion policies are consistently applied. Private sector companies operating in the electricity supply, transmission and distri furtherion industry report to the Ministry of Power, as well as their respective State Electricity Boards and their State Electricity Regulatory Commissions.Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs)There is a great difference between the supply and demand of electric power in In dia. According to CEA monthly report in January2010 the peak deficit was 12.2 % i.e. 112029 MW. A KPMG1 report sites that per capita consumption of electricity is 700 units inIndia, 1800 units in China and 15000 units in USA term the creative activity average is 2300 units. Therefore to bridge this deficit and raise per capita consumption, the government came out with reforms through electricity act, 2003. Ultra Mega Power Projects are part of these reforms, in which power plants with an installed capacity of 4000 MW, with an estimated cost of Rs 16000 Crore, will be constructed across the country. The nodal agency for UMPP program will be Power Finance Corporation (PFC). Nine sites have been selected for construction of UMPP. Five sites are coastal sites, eyepatch four are pithead sites. PFC has set up speciate Special consumption Vehicles(SPVs) for separately of the nine UMPPs identified so far as to act as authorized representatives of the procurers. The SPVs have been ea rnd afterwards the name of the site.All the 9 SPVs are wholly testifyed subsidiary of Power Finance Corporation Limited. Akaltara Power Limited is renamed as Chhattisgarh Surguja Power Ltd (CSPL).The main features of the Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP) are-The UMPP would routine Super Critical Technology with the view to achieve higher levels of fuel efficiency, which results in saving of fuel and lower green-house gas emissions.Flexibility in unit size subject to adoption of specified minimum supercritical parameters.Integrated power projects with dedicated captive ember blocks for pithead projects.Coastal Project to use import coal.Role of Ministry of Power (MoP)-Coordination with Central Ministries/Agencies to make sure-Coal Block al downment/coal LinkageEnvironment/Forest ClearancesWater LinkagesRequired fight down from State Governments and their agenciesWorking out allocation of power to different states from UMPPs consultation with the states.Facilitating PPA and proper retribution of security mechanism with State Governments/State Utilities.Monitoring the build of shell companies with respect to predetermined timelines.Role of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)Appointment of consultants to undertake preparation of Project Report, preparation of rapid Environment jar Assessment.Appointment of Consultants for International Competitive command (ICB), document preparation evaluation.To finalise RFQ/RFP documents in consultation with states / bidders.To carry out RFQ/RFP process and award of projects.Acquisition of priming for the project.Obtaining coal blocks for pit-head projects.Getting clearances regarding allocation of water by the state Govt. for pit head locations.Approvals for use of sea water from Maritime Board/ other Govt. Agencies for coastal locations.Obtain clearances from state pollution control boards, initiate forest clearances etc. as required for the project and for the coal mines, followed by environment and forest clearances from the underlying government.Obtaining geological reports / other related data from CMPDI for the coal blocks.Tie up the off take/ sale of power.Role of StatesRehabilitation Resettlement PlanLand OwnersGive effectiveness to the PFC/SPV to carry out the bidding process on behalf of the distribution utilities.Facilitate signing of the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)Ensure proper payment security mechanism with the distribution utilities.Sasan Power LtdSasan is situated in Singrauli territory of Madhya Pradesh. Singrauli is the 50th district of the state, Madhya Pradesh. Singrauli is known as the vitality Capital of India. It has the 10 % of the total installed capacity of India. The district also has large deposits of coal in nearby coal fields. River Rihand has a dam on it known as Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar Dam. indeed Singrauli provides excellent conditions for thermal power generation.Sasan UMPP is a pit head- base thermal power project with an aggregate capacity of 3,960MW (6660 MW) using supercritical technology. The project also involves development of captive coal blocks, viz Moher, Moher-Amlohri Extension and Chhattrasal at the Singrauli coalfields to go steady the coal requirements of the power project. *. Thus fuel take a chance is being managed by the SPV on its own. Therefore risk of fuel shortage is minimised, giving a positive adjoin on the project. The location of the project itself reduces many risks like availability of fuel and water. Both coal mines and a reservoir are available in the vicinity. On other hand the range is shrimpy densely populated thus problem of add acquisition mechanically got resolved.The Bidding ProcessSasan UMPP was awarded through a two stage competitive bidding process. Lanco infratech and Globeleq Singapore Pte Ltd ( a Singapore based firm) were stated winners after they quoted the lowest bid for the project of Rs 1.196 / Kw, in dec2006. In Feb2007 Globeleq Ltd, Bermuda, parent company of Globeleq Singapore, s old its Singapore disdain arm to Jindal Steel and Power Ltd and Lanco to a lower broadcasttechs, Mauritius based holding company. This move was challenged by the rival bidders in the court. The government declared the bid of Lanco Infratech ltd -Globeleq Singapore Pte Ltd. as invalid. A week later Reliance Energy submitted a fresh bid of Rs 1.19/ Kw. Consequently the project was awarded to a consortium Reliance Infra Ltd. this consortium consists of Reliance Infra Projects UK Ltd (RIPUL), an affiliate of REL Infra.Sasan Power Ltd. (SPL) had invited bids on behalf of state electricity boards/ electricity distribution companies/ state electricity utilities of Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh on 31st Mar2006.Technical Requirement for the bidders- Should have experience of developing projects ( not of necessity power projects) in the last 10 years whose aggregate capital cost must not be less than Rs. 3000 Crores. Out of these projects , the capital cost of at least(prenominal) one project should be equivalent to Rs. 500 Crores. For the purpose capital expenditure on the projects that have been completed at least 7 days in front the RFQ submission date shall be considered. Lead member shall be the company having at least 26% stake in the Bidding Consortium.Financial Requirement for the bidders- Internal resource generation equal to atleast Rs. 1200 Cores or equivalent US$ computed as cumulative internal resources generated during last five years business operations, networth of Rs. 1000 Crore or equivalent US$ based on any of the past three years annual accounts and annual overturn of Rs. 2400 Crores or equivalent US$ based on any of the past three years annual accounts. The financial requirements of each(prenominal) Member in Bidding Consortium shall be combine in proportion to the investment commitment by each of them.Enclosures with the bid proposal-Covering LetterJoint performance Agreeme nt between Members in Bidding Consortium.Letter of consent from all Members in Bidding Consortium.Board Resolution.Initialling of all pages of Bid by authorized signatory. decision maker Summary.Last five year annual Accounts of Bidding Company or each of the Member in case of a Bidding Consortium.Reliance Infra Ltd.Reliance Infra Ltd. is the flagship company of Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG). The company develops and operates power plants both domestically and internationally. The company on its own and through subsidiaries is currently developing 13 medium and large sized power projects with a combined planned installed capacity of 28,200 MW, one of the largest portfolios of power generation assets under development in India. 13 power projects are planned to be diverse in geographic location, fuel type, fuel source and off-take, and each project is planned to be strategically located near an available fuel supply or load center. The identified project sites are located in west ern India (12,220 MW), Federal India (9,080 MW) and north-eastern India (2,900 MW) and southern India (4,000 MW). They include six coal-fired projects (14,620 MW) to be fueled by reserves from captive mines and supplies from India and abroad, two gas-fired projects (10,280 MW) to be fuelled primarily by reserves from the Krishna Godavari Basin (the KG Basin) off the east coast of India, and four hydroelectric projects (3,300 MW), three of them in Arunachal Pradesh and one in Uttarakhand. Reliance Power has acquired the two ultra mega power projects of 4,000 MW each at Sasan in Madhya Pradesh and Krishnapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The 7,480 MW project to be located at Dadri in Uttar Pradesh is expected to be the largest gas-fired power project at a integrity location in the innovation. The power generated by these projects is to be sold under a combination of wide-term and short-term PPAs to state-owned and private distribution companies and industrial consumers.Reliance Power limi tedtoday has total generating capacity of 941 megawatts from five different plants located in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Goa, of which the Dahanu plant (Maharashtra) is the largest with 500 megawatts. Reliance Power is currently pursuing several gas, coal, rove and hydro-based power generation projects in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal with aggregate capacity of over 12,500 MW. These projects are at various stages of development.5,600 MW Project (Phase I) at Dhirubhai Ambani Energy City (DAEC), Dadri in Uttar Pradesh4,000 MW Power Project at Shahapur in Maharashtra280 MW Urthing Sobla Hydro Power Project in Uttaranchal700 MW Hydro Power Project at Tato II and 1,000 MW Hydro Power Project at Siyom, both in Arunachal PradeshThe 941 MW Generation capacity of the Reliance Power comes from five projectsDahanu TPS the 2250 MW multi fuel based thermal power station at Dahanu near Mumbai.BSES Andhra Power Limited The 220 MW combined cycle power plant at Samalkot in Andhra Pradesh.BSES Kerala Limited The 165 MW combined cycle power station at Kochi, Kerala.Goa Power Station The 48 MW naptha based combined cycle power plant at GoaChitradurga wind farm The 8 MW Wind Farm Project at Jogimatti in the district of Chitradurga in Karnataka.Reliance Infra Ltd is also in the distribution and the transmission business. Reliance is already maintains a distribution network in Mumbai (Maharashtra) and Delhi, with the name BSES (BOMBAY suburban ELECTRICITY SUPPLY). Its transmission business is with the business arm, Reliance Power Transmission Limited (RPTL).Chapter 3 STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENTStakeholder has specific interest in the project outcome or in the initial stages of project planning, implementation and closing. If the stakeholder interest is not managed efficiently the project may get delayed or it may fail. We cannister articulate that with stakeholder management we are actually managing various risk associated wi th the project. Thus for efficient risk management, the project manager should have sound knowledge almost the stakeholders interests, power and influence, to achieve this, one has to identify and analyse the stakeholders.Almost any person or organization with an interest in a project can be termed a stakeholder.The type and interest of a stakeholder are of great importance to a project manager sincethey enable him or her to use these to the superlative benefit of the project. The process of listing, classifying and assessing the influence of these stakeholders is termed stakeholder analysis. Stakeholders can be divided into two main assemblagesDirect (or primary) stakeholderIndirect (or secondary) stakeholderDirect stakeholderThis group is made up, as the name implies, of all those directly associated or knobbed in theplanning, administration or execution of the project. These include the client, project sponsor,project manager, members of the project team, technical and financ ial function providers,internal or external consultants, material and equipment suppliers, site personnel, contractorsand subcontractors as well as end users. In other words, people or organizations directly involved in all or close to of the various phases of the project.Indirect stakeholdersThis group covers all those indirectly associated with the project such as internal managersof the organization and tin rung not directly involved in the project including the HRdepartment, accounts department, secretariat, senior management levels not directly responsible for the project, and last but not least the families of the project manager and team members. A sub-section of indirect stakeholders are those representing the regulatory authorities such as national and local government, public utilities, licensing and inspecting organizations, technical institutions, professional bodies, and personal interest groups such as stockholders, labour unions and pressure groups. Each of these groups can containPositive stakeholders who support the aims and objectives of the projectNegative stakeholders who do not support the project and do not wish it to proceed.Direct stakeholders mainly consist of positive stakeholders as they are the ones concernedwith the design and implementation of the project with the object of completing it within thespecified parameters of time, cost and quality/performance. They therefore include the sponsor, project manager and the project design, construction/installation teams. This group could also have negative stakeholders such as employees of the end user, who would prefer to retain the existing facility because the new installation might result in relocation or even redundancyWe can divide the stakeholders based on various project requirements. The stakeholders a project areGovernment-Central-State Governments, Government Organisations, RegulatorFinance-Banks, Financial InstitutionsConcessionaire-Project Manager, Project Team MembersCo nsessionee-Government OrganisationsTechnology-Suppliers, Technology ownersEnvironment Government Ministry, International WatchdogLand-Land ownersWater-Ministry of Water ResourcesFuel-Coal MinistryStakeholders in a BusinessA successful business first identifies its key stakeholders and identifies their adopts. A company can accomplish its stakeholder goals only by managing and linking work processes. High-performance companies are increasingly focussing on the need to manage core business process such as new product development. They are reengineering the work flows and building cross functional teams responsible for each process. For a business the stakeholders may be as followingImportance of Stakeholders ManagementPowerful stakeholders can influence the project in a big wayPowerful stakeholders can help the project in securing important resources.Experienced stakeholders can guide the project managers during tough times.Communicating with the stakeholders early and a great dea ltimes can make the stakeholders understand the benefits of the outcome of the project.It leads to understanding the reactions of the stakeholders during the progress of the project and thus the project manager can do the needful changes if required in the project.Stakeholder Analysis processStakeholder IdentificationThe first step in stakeholder analysis is the identification of the key stakeholders. When the project manager bags identifying project stakeholders , he should do an organised study by giving the projects geographic sphere of influence. Here consider not only the main project site, but also the related project facilities, like the road to the site, cumulative affect of the project outcome or unplanned but predictable developments. Using this type of analysis to determine the projects champaign of influence and finding out that who all may be affected in this manner. This process will reveal those stakeholders, who are directly influenced by the project, may be by us e of land , or by the effect to the nearby environment or by the process of new job creation. unmatched of the techniques used for stakeholder identification is impact zoningImpact Zoning By stand forping the sphere of influence of different types of environmental and social impacts, the project company can begin to identify distinct groups by impact area, and from this prioritize stakeholders for consultation.Steps in Impact ZoningDraw a sketch map of the key design elements of the project, both on and off site, that may give rise to local environmental or social impacts (e.g., the project site supportive infrastructure such as roads, power lines, and canals sources of air, water, and land pollution).Identify the large impact zones for each of the elementsNext over lay , the large stakeholder groups, over the impact zones.Through consultation with relevant stakeholder representatives, verify which groups are potentially affected by which impacts. This exercise may be performed m ore efficiently by using aerial photographs.The other common technique of stakeholder identification is brainstormingChapter 4COMMUNICATIONOne of the largest contributing brokers for project failure or delay is lack of proper communication with the stakeholders. When communication is limited to periodic reports stakeholders, can be in unfairness as to when the project begins to slip. It may slip to a point, from where it is truly difficult to recover the project. The remedy is consistent, frequent and candid communication. The project manager uses plans, agreements and spot reports to communicate with the stakeholders and manage their expectations. In addition, as with everything on a project, a solid plan improves the probability of success. Every project should have a communication plan, a written strategy for getting the even up information to the right people at the right time. The stakeholders identified in the SOW and responsibility matrix are the audience for most projec t communication.Information managementIn todays world, where there are ample mediums for communication, there is no shortage of information but instead there is abundance of information, which the stakeholder is not able to handle in the right way.Data and InformationInformation is always tied to the purpose of the stakeholder. Information is based on data, which is useful only when it is organised in a meaningful manner. It is the responsibility of the project manager to provide information to the stakeholder in a manner which is useful to them. Information can be classified as i) Relevant Information ii) calld Information iii) Cassandra Information.Therefore it is important to feed the right amount of information which can be used by the stakeholders. otherwise it would lead to increased spending, increased confusion and consequently time delay in project completion.Guidelines to make a communication planUse critical short status reports obese reports are overwhelming for a bu sy audience. Determine what should go into the status report, by interviewing the stakeholders what they want. Different stakeholders may want reports on different aspects of the project.Have an escalation procedure these are the procedure to elevate problem to senior management.Make the information timely Executive sponsors may want reports less frequently than your immediate manager.Make sure regular status meetings are included in the plan Many stakeholders may require meetings on project status as and when needed, i.e. only when there is big event or problem. By including schedule meetings in the communication plan, customers and higher level managers are agreeing to be more informed most the project- which avoids unpleasant surprises in the project.Be consistent with other projects As much as possible, your project documentation should have the homogeneous look and content as other projects in your organisation. If there are standards, use them. If not, find good examples fro m good examples from other projects which have same stakeholders.Use multiple channels of communication websites, news earn, and project bulletin boards can be used to post information of interest to all stakeholders. These communication mediums complement status reports because they can provide a wider scope of information. Finally, realize what you say in the written report may come across differently when you present it verbally, so consciously include face to face meetings in your communication plan.Communication MediumChoosing the right kind of medium for the right kind of stakeholders is again an area to be looked into. A communication medium should have the following characteristicIt should be easily accessible.It should be fast.It should be recoverable later at anytimeIt should be cost effective.It should be easy to use.There are many communication mediums available today. It depends on the project manager to use which kind of medium to communicate to a particular stakeholde r. Below there is alist of mediums availableE-mail the use of electronic mail bear upons to be extensive. Some contend that email is an overused (and sometimes unsuitably used) medium. It is certainly convenient to use for most of the people. And it reaches widely dispersed and distant recipients quickly, although there is no guarantee that the recipient will read the message right off. It automatically provides the record for the sender and the receiver. Also as it is with other written messages, email messages are also subject to misinterpretation. With the ease, by which email messages can be forwarded, one should be careful about what one write in the email. Overall email is a convenient medium of communication.Telephone Calling psyche on the telephone can be an immediate interactive method of communication, without creating a permanent, written record. Phone conversation allows you to hear voice inflections, although provablely you cannot view body language. Although an upb eat phone call is considered warmer than a written note, it doesnt have the same effect as a personal image or any other face-to-face interaction. Unanticipated phone calls are subject to the same shortcomings or advantages of impromptu communications.Voice Mail When people dont answer their phone, you can often rely on voice mail. This may create issues for you, if youre not careful. When you place a call, youre often expecting a dialogue. If youre forced to use voice mail, you must straightaway convert your message to a monologue, which doesnt always come out sounding as youd like it the message can become awkward or enigmatic for the recipient. And, as with e-mail, theres no guarantee that the message will be received in a timely manner.Handwritten Notes Probably the most in white-tie of the all communication modes are the handwritten notes. Short hand written notes are an excellent way to provide positive recognition. Although they take very little effort, they broadcast the personal touch much more than the verbal approaches or formal memos or emails. The draw clog of these kind of notes is that they are geographically limited.Printed and Mailed Memos and letters with the advent of email, memos and letters are now generally reserved for more formal or official communication. They are slow and one sided, but good when formal signatures are required and a permanent record is desired. Hence, printed, mailed memos and letters are still used in contractual transactions.Informal Visits A visit is simply an informal and personal way to maintain a communication link with a stakeholder. Although you may not be carrying any important message, an informal visit can often lead to a more valuable or productive communication session than you might have expected from a formal communication. Informal visits are also appropriate when confidential, personal, or sensitive subjects need to be covered.Formal Presentations Formal Presentations are often used in situations where the distribution of information may be enhanced by an explanation or the information is too complex for written documentation. Formal presentations are often done in a group setting, thus ensuring that everyone gets the same level of understanding. They allow for impressive graphical displays of information, but often require a lot of preparation. Theyre effective when youre trying to promote understanding, enlist support, or expedite a decision (e.g., management approval to proceed). However, formal presentations can be challenging or risky, as you rarely have control over the entire session. And, if poorly done, they may do more harm than good.Communication through Project Management software program This method of communication is unique. This is a new fWhen raise Met gap Analysis of CommunicationWhen beset Met sallying forth Analysis of CommunicationWhen Harry Met shot and Children of a Lesser GodWhen Harry Met Sally (1989) is a romantic comedy that breaks out of th e norm of the genre with some very real messages about interpersonal communication between both grammatical genders and how we handle different situations differently. According to IMDB the plot of the scene goes in 1977, Harry Burns (Billy Crystal) and Sally Albright (Meg Ryan) graduate from the University of kale and share the drive to wise York City, where Sally is inception journalism school and Harry is starting a career. Harry is dating a friend of Sallys, Amanda (Michelle Nicastro). During the drive, they debate their differing ideas about kins between men and women. Harry says that Men and women cant be friends because the sex part always gets in the way. Sally disagrees, claiming that men and women can be strictly friends without sex. During a stop in a diner, Sally is crossnessed when Harry tells her she is attractive she accuses him of making a pass at her. In New York, they part on unfriendly terms.Five years later, Harry and Sally find themselves on the same flig ht. Sally has just started dating a man named Joe (Steven Ford) who is a neighbor of Harrys and Harry is engaged to a woman named Helen, which surprises Sally. Harry suggests they become friends, forcing him to qualify his previous rule about the impossibility of male-female friendships. Despite Harrys suggestions of exceptions to that rule, they separate, reason out that they will not be friends.Harry and Sally run into each other again in a bookstore five years later. They have coffee and call on the carpet about their previous relationships Sally and Joe broke up because she wanted a family and he did not want to marry, and Harrys relationship ended when Helen shed in love with another man. They take a walk and decide to be friends. They have late-night phone conversations, go to dinner, and spend time together. Their dating experiences with others continue to inform their differing approaches to relationships and sex.During a New Years Eve party, Harry and Sally find themse lves attracted to each other. Though they remain friends, they set each other up with their respective best friends, Marie (Carrie Fisher) and Jess (Bruno Kirby). When the four go to a restaurant, Marie and Jess hit it off they later become engaged. One night, over the phone, Sally tearfully tells Harry that her ex is getting married. He rushes to her apartment to comfort her, and they unexpectedly have sex, resulting in an awkward moment the next morning as Harry leaves in a state of distress. This creates tension in their relationship. Their friendship cools for three weeks until the two have a heated argument during Jess and Maries wedding dinner. Following this fight, Harry repeatedly attempts to deposit his friendship with Sally, but she feels that they cannot be friends after what happened.At a New Years Eve party that year, Sally feels alone without Harry by her side. Harry spends New Years alone, walking around the city. As Sally decides to leave the party early, Harry appe ars and declares his love for her. At first, she argues that the only reason he is there is because he is lonely, but he disagrees and lists the many things he realized he loves about her. They make up and kiss and marry three months later.Harry and Sally communicate in very different ways which is evident from the beginning of their journey to New York. Right from the beginning of their journey, Harry and Sally start to try and get to know each other on their long drive. Sally is obviously a more positive, upbeat and open individual. She maintains this character throughout most of the film during her communications with her friends and with Harry. Her openness with others is very in line with how we view feminine communication. Harry, on the other hand, comes across more like a typical male. He is more closed off, seems detached when he talks about things that should be more emotional, and tries to make light when conversations turn more serious. He also focuses a lot on the more s exual aspect of his relationships than in really developing emotional attachments. Sally approximates of Harry as rude and unsusceptible while Harry thinks she is obsessive and very naive. When they try to talk to each other, he makes just about everything into a debate, doing report talk instead of resonance talk. He always has to have the last word and isnt afraid to crack jokes and hardly ask questions. After bumping into his ex wife, Harry gets frustrated and yells about the difficulties of come apart while at Jess and Maries apartment. He then leaves the apartment, and Sally has to approach him to talk about it. When Sally learns that her ex boyfriend is getting married, she reacts with sadness instead of anger and calls Harry to talk about it. Differences can also be seen after Harry and Sally sleep together. The morning after, Sally is happy and approachable while Harry is uncomfortable and distant. This is because usually for women, intimacy leads to sex and for men, se x leads to intimacy. As the movie goes on, the two start to become friends after each little meet up they have and they no longer resent each other like they did all those years ago. Harry opens up about Helen while Sally keeps the details about Joe to herself until the very end. Their communication skills cross due to Harry and Sally both talking to each other on the phone before going to bed. They even do activities together such as shopping or eating out together. By the end of the film, Harry is more descriptive when he talks to Sally such as why he enjoys being with and around her.Interpersonal communication is seen throughout this film which is defined as interacting with others over the phone and face-to-face to build a relationship. Harry and Sally absolutely experience a relationship of this type. Harry and Sally really start exchanging feelings and personal things to each other after their first get together. Sally learns about Helen and Harry about Joe. They pertain and decide to be friends and hang out and talk more often. They try to help each other get dates which leads to the double date with Jess and Marie. They spend a lot of time going out to eat, shopping together, and talking on the phone. They care about how the other is feeling and desire to keep the other happy. Their relationship became one of interpersonal communication after they learned of each others recent heartbreak. They were both going through the same thing and wanted to spend more time with someone they could relate with.3. Does S have a need to disclose herself in early confrontations with H? Is this appropriate/inappropriate for the relationship? Is this just a style of communicating? Is it gender based? Explain.I believe that Sally does feel the need to disclose herself during her early encounters with Harry. She seems easily goaded into divulging intimate details about her life. I dont think that it was necessarily appropriate or not, just her reaction to Harrys behavior and communication style. Perhaps it accosts of the feminine pressure to please others with whom we communicate withSally feels a need to disclose herself in early confrontations with Harry because he is making assumptions about her. When he says that she hasnt had good sex yet she feels a need to tell him that she has had quite a little of good sex. This is inappropriate for the relationship because they have just met each other and Harry is dating Sallys friend. I think this style of communicating is gender based because men tend to disclose less in relationships, so the conversation is focused mostly on Sallys life.Since Harry and Sallys first meeting was off to say the least, the two seemed very incompatible at the very beginning. Harry seemed very rude and blunt when asking such personal questions while Sally was very naive and kept to herself about such personal questions such as Harry asking her about having lots of good sex. With their two personalities clashing at almost a ll times, it was hard to hold a conversation that didnt end up as a debate or small argument. Hence when Harry told Sally that she was good looking. To Sally it was inappropriate because Harry was dating one of her friends at that time. I feel it was harmless to say the least, but I can understand both sides and why Sally didnt want him to say that she was attractive. Especially when Harry keeps insisting that a man and a woman cant be friends. Which is another reason why I think the two of them always seemed to debate and argue. So Harry could keep his point.CLG1. From their very first meeting, there was obvious dialectical tension between Sarah and throng. She being a former indifferent(p) student and crowd being a transferred teacher to help teach deaf students to plow. Since Sarah had a tough time growing up with her sisters friends making fun of her, she was afraid to speak and decided that she would surround herself in her own little world of dummy up. If no one could commu nicate with her through her world, she wouldnt make an effort to do the same. She was completely happy with this world she created herselfuntil she met pack. He was determined to get to know her, intrigued immediately by her vow of silence and the way she refused to let anyone get close to her. Including her mother he later finds out. They agree to try and get to know one another, both seeming interested in each others world. After simply their first dance together, you can see an obvious longing in the way Sarah seems to melt in crowd togethers embrace. Her happiness in her silence is a lie. Though shes still afraid of the unknown world James is providing for her. When he suggests she move in and let him take care of her, she panics her deafness being her own personal shield to the outside world. Sarah even says that no one can understand her when James asks what she can hear. In the end, they agree to meet in the middle, not having a complete world of silence or vocally speaking . This dialectical tension connecting them in the end.2. The pool for Sarah is her own personal haven. Underwater, youre completely submerged and cant hear a thing. Also, considering she swam naked, she is completely exposed and comfortable. She feels one with the pool because in the water, you dont have to speak. Underwater, everything is still. Its that silence she craves such as her job as a janitor. Sarah feels safe and herself in the pool. So when James falls into the pool after her, he enters her domain. That was her way of sightedness he actually cares about her that he would enter her safe haven, fully clothed, just to be with her and understand her sense of ease and stillness she loves so much. James also enters the pool again during their separation by himself, staying under the water and even reaching out towards where Sarah was before. The pool is the way James can connect with how Sarah hears and sees the world.3. The social exchange theory states why people are radd led to each other through substantial benefits. For example, when James first sees Sarah, he is drawn in by her stubbornness and not to mention her beauty. He wants to teach her to speak and is so desperate in anyway to get her to conform. He makes a promise that she doesnt have to ever speak, but breaks it during a heated moment. He apologizes for it and I think that stayed with Sarah for a while. She kept backing away while he kept pressing forward. Eventually, during an argument Sarah finally speaks, letting him hear how awful she sounds when shes screaming that shes a freak before running out on him. Their relationship is very back and forth, fitting the social exchange theory to a T.4. The social penetration theory is quite obvious the entirety of the film. Right from the get go, Sarah makes it almost impossible for James to even hold a conversation with him she constantly walks away, sits when he stands up, and outright ignores him. When they finally start to talk its very bas ic. They talk about school, work, etc. They dont talk about deeper topics until much later. After James meets Sarahs mother and talks about her past, theres a breakthrough. Sarah finally opens up a little to let him know about why she never speaks. They However by the end of the film, they both agree they need to still be their separate selves but meet somewhere in the middle. She admits that she doesnt want to be without him and that she even loves him. And thats a huge step for Sarah. The uncertainty reduction states that each person in a relationship wants and needs certainty. James gives Sarah that when he makes a promise that he wont ask her to speak. However, as I stated before, he asks her to say his name in a heated moment and breaks that certainty for Sarah. Lastly, the existential theory takes place throughout the entirety of the film from Sarahs perspective. She had grown up without anyone listening to her or even trying to understand her. She was made fun of for trying t o be normal as a child by trying to talk. That scared her. The fact James keeps reminding her that hes there and wants to be with her and take care of her gives her the opportunity to finally open up to a new world. One that isnt so inactive but one thats also not too loud.1) Discuss the dialectical tension of autonomy and connection in James and Sarahs relationship?There is a lot of tension of autonomy and connection in Sarah and James relationship. Sarah doesnt have a fulfilling life of her own upon meeting James. She has not reached her potential and is working as a janitor at the school she has attended since the age of 5. James has done many things to build his career, impressing the head of the school with his resume during his job interview at the beginning of the film. This causes problems in their relationship because James wants to provide for Sarah (he gets her to quit her job and move in with him) but also wants her to be able to provide for herself (he wants her to lea rn to speak so she can get along in life). Sarah wants to provide for herself, but fears that she cant, saying that she is not trained for any job that will bring her fulfilment and security. Towards the end of the film, Sarah starts a new job and intends to go to college with her earnings so that she can reach her full potential. Only then, when they can both provide for themselves separately, will they reach a healthy autonomy and connection.2) What does the pool represent for Sarah?I think the pool represents connection. When James asks Sarah what her experience of sound is like, she answers by saying that no one has been inside her head she could answer his question, but that doesnt mean he will understand. Underwater is somewhere where that question doesnt matter. It is where James can have a shared sensory experience with Sarah. At the end of the film, the couple agree to find a place to connect that is between sound and silence, and the pool was the place where that first ha ppened.3) Now that you have read ch 9, what about this Social exchange theory? Do Sarah and James fit the theory? Explain.The social exchange theory proposes that relationships are based on exchanges of give and take made to maximize benefits and minimize detriments. I think Sarah and James fit this theory. James is drawn to Sarah because she is unique, beautiful, and someone he sees as needing his help. James is a teacher, so he gets fulfillment from helping others. Sarah is drawn to James because he accepts her and can provide security for her. She discontinue her job and moves in with him so that they can try to have the traditional life he wants. They both experience give and take in the relationship, but because Sarah has not yet reached her full potential in life, the exchanges do not seem balanced. At the end of the film, when James lets go of trying to help Sarah and she chooses her own path in life, the relationship begins a new course of equilibrium.4) Discuss how Social P enetration theory, uncertainty reduction, and existential theory is evident in the movie (look in the Baxter article).In the Social Penetration Theory, people must share some of themselves for a relationship to grow while keeping some of themselves separate or the relationship will deteriorate. This is evident in the film after Sarah and James begin living together, because they start to lose their individuality. Sarah leaves a party she is enjoying because James is bored. James does not listen to music anymore because Sarah cannot enjoy it. At the end of the film, Sarah states that they must learn to be separate but equal. In the hesitancy Reduction Theory, people have an equal desire for predictability and novelty in relationships. In the film, Sarah wants predictability. She lives at the same school she has for almost her entire life, knowing that the staff understand her ways and will not try to change her. When James arrives, he tries to get her to break down her walls and lea rn to speak. The Existential Theory states that a persons desire to be open with others is balanced with a desire for privacy. Sarah willingly tells James about her sexual encounters quickly after they meet, but she never wants to speak in front of him, even after they have become very close.1. After watching the movie, it is clear there are many sources of tension on Sarah and James relationship. The couple grows close intimately, but they are separated in many ways, some more obvious than others. The first and most obvious factor keeping the couple apart is speech. Sara cannot speak, and while they are able to communicate through sign, she refuses to even attempt to read lips or produce noise. James says he is okay with this, but once or twice he begs her to try to make noise and say his name, which upsets Sarah so much it starts the end of their relationship. Sarah also has some issues of her own which are keeping the couple apart. Her fear of getting hurt like she did when she w as younger have made her cold and angry, and it takes James a long time to even have a real conversation with her. When James finally does convince Sarah to go to dinner, and agrees and while dancing, she shows a tender side that lets James know she craves human connection. His persistant questions about her past and why she acts the way she does, why she refuses to admit she has been hurt, why she is afraid to speak coupled with Sarahs complex and silent demenour are enough to break the couple apart. Towards the end of the movie, Sarah admits she misses him, and the two agree to try again and come to a middle ground between silence and speech.2. In my opinion, for Sarah, the pool represents solitude and equality. She can be totally by herself, and not have to worry about talking to anyone. Being submerged underwater is silent for anyone, not just her. For a moment, she can feel equal to everyone else. It is the one place where she is not being asked to speak, not being spoken to, a nd not lacking out on noise. Anyone who goes underwater will hear silence, and I would imagine it is comforting to her to know she is the same as anyone else, even if just for a moment. The pool is her escape.3. Our book defines the social exchange theory as being drawn to those who are able to spin benefits to you without asking for much in return. This is an interesting idea, and while I think it can be applied to most relationships, I do not think James and Sarah fit in this theory. Sarah and James do not have much in common, and neither has anything very huge or substantial to offer (no great deal of money, no great power, no great control, etc). James does tell Sarah she is the most beautiful and mysterious missy he has ever met, and Sarah tells James he is the nicest man she has ever met. They do offer each-other the benefit of compassion, love and companionship. But their relationship is far from perfect. James asks a lot from Sarah. He asks her personal questions she is n ot comfortable with answering and he asks her to let him help her speak, which she makes very clear is something she never intends to do. Sarah tries James patience, saying he is only with her because he wants to fix her and just wants to be with a blind girl just to say he has like every other hearing man. Their relationship is strained, and their expectations for eachother are strong enough to end the relationship. I do not think the social exchange theory applies to them.4. The certainty reduction theory says that people always look for what they know what is certain in themselves and others. Predictibility is favored in relationships. This is true especially for Sarah. She admits she has never let anyone in, and says she has never been hurt by anyone. It is normal for her to have a wall up, and that is what is comfortable for her. She is constantly going back behind the wall and shutting down and shutting people out, like she did with James. Sarah does not like change she woul d rather be in her silent world that she has known for her entire life. James tries to threaten that silence, and she reacts with anger and hostility. The social penetration theory can definitely be seen in their relationship. When Sarah and James first began to talk, they talked about school, mopping, and jobs. Sarah made it difficult for James to talk about anything deep, and she often abruptly ended conversations. As they got closer and their relationship deepened, they talked about deeper topics, such as Sarahs dark past and why she pushes people away. Sarah admits she loves James and needs him and feels lonely without him, which is a huge break through since she told him earlier she never lets anyone in.