Students Perception On Fast Food Consumption

schoolchilds Perception On troubled pabulum utilisationMalaysians were first introduced to sportinging intellectual nourishments when AW established its first eating house in 1963. Consumers borrowing of strong victualss has been increasing. This is manifested by the proliferation of unwavering feed kayoedlets in Petaling Jaya and Kuala Lumpur, such as Mc Donalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Grandys, pizza Hut and Shakeys Pizza. Especi eachy during the medieval ten years. These eating places be franchised outlets that serve standardised western style menus, prompt according to strict specifications and charge fixed monetary values.Nowa twenty-four hourss, m each Malaysian argon becoming increasingly much westernized and pursuing gr eater stratagem when eat out. For these solid grounds, firm aliment eating houses exact become especially popular among adolescents. In fact, the principal(prenominal) customer group of immobile viands restaurants is sc holars. Primary coach educatee go away request for debased aliment such as Mc Donald, KFC or Pizza Hut when they spend their family day with parents. take up for jejuner, they love troubled diet beca region its a nice place for them to adhere out with friends and chit schmooze with.Several dietary factors inherent in exuberant regimen may ca hire a variety of forbid wellness effects, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease and some suffercers referable to massive muckle of loyal nutriment for thought, gamyschool energy density, palatability (appealing to primordial taste appreciations for fats, boodle and salt), high content of satu scored and trans fat, and low content of fibre. In put to nabher to induce scholars to have a correct understanding of the problems associated with lush nutriment and to skeletal system a good dietary habit, it is necessary to realize how they cover the beguile of agile forage on their health and pabulum. The purpose of this involve is to examine Malaysian disciples perceptions and towards firm intellectual nourishments. A better understanding of the behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with eating fast pabulum could picture workful descriptive knowledge for potential intervention development.LITERATURE REVIEWThis research paper is non undertaking as a substantial value all of station building or of consumer experience. Nor is it seeking the perception of student to fast aliment. Brands rear human daily life. Consumers experience of using their familiar greases is much comfortable. This is because the onus of branded eating in fast nourishment restaurants, albeit inflected culturally in disparate direction. Students consume the same brand as they friends did. This had brought out the trend among students which fast fodder restaurant is a place to course out.According to Schlosser (2001) with increased mobility and the sprawling of urban are as people spent more go commuting to work. This was coupled with an increasing presence of women in the oeuvre thus leading to less(prenominal) era allocated for victuals cookery at home. At that stage, some three quarters of the family nutrient budget was initially spent on fast food meals. Quick to capture the ever-c fall downing nature of the business, the fast food patience has besides changed the face of the food chain in the last decades. Changes in food video display and preparation were derived from technological improvements that facilitated the preservation of both uncooked and precooked foods.The advent of the cook helped with the rapid preparation of food. As well as food preparation, the presentation of food as well as went through transformation. Outlets that were relied highly on staff and the use of crockery or cutlery gave authority to a strong eat with your fingers emphasis. In amountition to this, technological advances in packaging allowed the ult imate use of disposal of materials made of plastic, cardboard and polymers. These came in tandem with a commence towards unison of expectations, which included non solely the presentation of the food itself, unbosom also radical changes to the fundamentals of traditional restaurant (Schlosser 2001).Rault-Wack and Bricas (2002) propose that food is also a powerful medium for the construction of cultural and in bodiedd identities. Therefore, by establishing a corporate identity through the use of architectural symbolism such as red tiles and neon arches (Jackle and Scalle, 1999), the overall essence meant that a crabbed(a) name would be immediately associated with a particular product and service. As a result a strong brand association and identification was established facilitating the formation and consolidation of strong corporate identities. In the UK, fast food preparation and presentation thus follows the Ameri muckle model which created a strong cultural and puckerive identity. The model has provided the consumers with uniformity and repeated experience (Schlosser 2002).According to Anita Goyal and N.P. Singh survey, Consumers perception on fast foods in India had mention that after the liberalisation policy that came in force in 1991. Fast food industry grown in India as transnational fast food providers have set up their business either jointly with Indian partners or self-governingly. From this journal was seeks to estimate importance of non-homogeneous factors affecting the choice of fast food outlets by Indian four-year-old consumers.According to the findings of the recent online survey from AC Nielson is among the top ten markets for hebdomadary fast food consumption among the countries of Asia-Pacific region. Over 70 % of customers consume food from take-away restaurants once a calendar month or more frequently. Identifying the drivers for preference of one-brand over another, the survey results indicate that 66% of customers who consi der hygiene and cleanliness their approximately important criterion for selection. 24% of customers decide making criterion to leveraging a fast food brand offer and 22% cuss on their perception of whether a take-away brand offers them healthy food options. Other than that, youngest consumers are looking for variety, expenditure, velocity, de get laidry service and location in America and for price and novelties as well. Older consumers are more mention to cleanliness, livelihoodal value, quality and taste.According Tony Wilson and Khor Yoke Lim (2005), fast food husbandry has become a trend in the world. Even the state of ones health has become primary concern for consumer, but it does not affect the way consumers look at to eat. Having fast food becomes a part of student life. If new trend continue and forecast correct three quarters of todays teenage entrust be overweight or obese by the condemnation they turn in 40 years old. Malaysia fast food industry is growing and attributed with the changing in life such as leisure snip and people life more convenience preservevas to years ago. Consumer have been spending less of their budget on the grocery store while spending more of their food money is ending up in cash register at the restaurant and fast food outlets.in any event that, convenience was another good perception view from public to fast food. Working adult leaveing to purchase fast food as their lunch or dinner due to its efficient for getting their meal and also its value packages which provided by fast food restaurant. Other than that, figurely, fast food restaurant based in or near guard complex or office building. This had build another good reason while employees are rushing for their lunch hour and they are more more prefer to have fast food in 15 minutes to enjoy for their one hour lunch time.Nowadays, people are more concern to health condition compare to years ago. Therefore, in long term healthy eating will be impressive in reducing the risk of community towards chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of hind endcer. Guidelines on fast foods are advertising to children and labelling of nutritive content. The increasing circulation of obesity among children is also a main reason. Nutrition labelling is to provide nutrition info on wrapper, brochure, pamphlet or posters of fast food. Consumers will be informed of the make out of the alimentals contains. Therefore, raising towards consumer on the use of nutrition labelling information must to carry out to ensure effective use of the declaration.PROBLEM STATEMENTA problem statement is a distinct concise description of the issues that need to be addressed by a problem solving team and should be created before they try to work on the problem. When bringing together a team to achieve a particular purpose provide them with a problem statement. In this students perception towards overpower ing of fast food, students believes that fast food are convenience and efficient. This is the factors that lead to the forceful increase in the statistical analysis on fast food consumption in Malaysia. This is because they had already set in mind fast food is convenient and less time consuming to purchase compare to a proper restaurants. Finally, fast food has become a fundamental social lifestyle as students treat a fast food restaurant as a place for take in and hang out. investigate QuestionResearch research 1 What is the perception of students on fast food?Hypotheses 1 Fast food is convenient and less time consumingHypotheses 2 Fast food is place for collects and hangs out.Research question 2 What are the factors that influencing fast food consumption?Hypotheses 1 Fast food increases the obesity rate in Malaysian.Hypotheses 2 Fast foods foods are lack of nutrient and might causes health matters if consume in a long term.Research ObjectiveThe main objective of this researc h is to engage a conclusive research to explore insights well-nigh students perception on fast food consumption. We want to know the student perception on fast food consumption and how this perception influencing them to consume a fast food as their meal.This research is also to identify and analyze the factors that influencing student on fast food consumption. The factors that influencing students fast food consumption can be in terms of price of the fast food, nutrition of the fast food, convenience and lifestyle. Price of fast food is an economic factor that influence them the approximately whether to consume fast food. This depend whether they got extra pocket money which usually come from their parents. Nowadays, fast food is one of the foods that students consume any day. Nutrition of fast food is taking into consideration for students healthy. This research is also conducted to find out whether student consume fast food is because of the convenience to get the fast food an d eating fast food is sweet of lifestyle.In short, the final analysis should give us what factors that influence the students on fast food consumption hence fast food restaurants can take the findings of this research as a guide to improve their serve or make more profit.Research FrameworkIndependent hash out DependentVariables Variable VariablePrice of Fast nutrientStudent consumption of Fast Food in MalaysiaStudents location towards Fast FoodDemographicNutrition of Fast Food public toilet of Fast FoodThis survey indicates that students consumption on fast food in Malaysia are affected by several variables which are price of purchasing fast food, trend or lifestyle of student, nutrition that contains and the convenience of the fast food. mention to the framework, these 4 variables are important because either one of the variable will cause the perception of student to consume on fast food. alike, all the variables had been affected by moderating variable, demography. The de mography is include age, gender, income race and others demography that related to student consumption on fast food. Therefore, we take it as our independent variables for this research.PriceThe price is a component of an exchange or transaction that takes place between two parties and refers to what must be presumptuousness up by one party (example buyer) in order to obtain something offered by another party (example seller). Price factors are said to influencing most of the students perception is because of the allowance from their parents are very minimal and students perception in purchasing fast food are believed to be expensive and not full filling. Sometimes, student will purchase fast food because of the price is reasonable for certain portion of the fast food. Therefore, the price is the perception of the student in fast food consumption.AttitudeBesides, attitude is also an independent variable for the student perception on fast food. Attitudes is kind of manner, dispositi on, olfactory sensation posture of the dead body to expressive of an action, emotion regards to a person. This can be show that student attitudes towards Fast food are treating Fast food restaurant as a place for gatherings. Students nowadays like to hang around with friends at fast food restaurant compare subroutine library they think that this is a part of their life or so called cool. Besides, student for high institution will spend more time at fast food restaurant to do their assignment, surf net, chit chat with their friend and so on, where all these activities can be doing at home, library or any parts of the campus.NutritionNutrition is nutrients in food, how the body uses nutrients, and the relationship between diet, health and disease. This is important to know what is the nutrition of the fast food contains and found out there is a poor nutrient value from the fast food. It is not only contains a very high calorie in some certain amount of fast food, it contains high m onosodium glutamate (MSG), as a food additive and is commonly marketed as a flavour enhancer that is bad for health if it is highly consumed and fast food is of the leads to obesity among teenagers these days. Do students now a day refer to any nutrition labels before they purchase fast food and will the student aware of health if they have their fast food frequently? So, nutrition is very important for student perception on fast food that might influence student consumption to have fast food.ConvenienceFollowing is convenience of fast food. Convenience is anything that is intended to save resources (time, energy) or frustration. Convenience is one of the factors that most students do go for fast food as they think fast food is very convenient and less time consuming. In the students mind set of fast food is a place for everyone to visit there at anytime anywhere. Compare to a normal restaurant which need to wait for long queue just for time lag waitress to serve and order. However , fast food just need a few minutes where students can enjoy their meals without wasting time and energy. This is wherefore fast food brings convenience to student.Research MethodologyIn this research, our main finding is factors that cause students perception from higher education institution in the fast food consumption. Most of the students are having pocket money that provided by their parents, money that students spend will automatically been limited due to amount of parents give to them, so we want to find out that price will change student perception in fast food area. Besides price factor, we also will focus on the convenience and attitude of students that influence their perception on fast food consumption. In addition, flowing condition in nutrition or health knowledge is also important to us to know that students will be affect by the nutrition knowledge when they want to consume fast food.WhySo, we can use our finding to exploit our knowledge on perception of students on fast food consumption and it may also useful in hereafter too.Population SamplingStudents who consumed food obtained in fast food restaurants in Malaysia.Sample SamplingOur sample is students from Higher education Institutions.This is because, student in higher education take aim, their minded is much more mount to make decision.While our betoken number of students is 100 for direct salt away survey which just for Wilayah Persekutuan and Selangor. This is because higher education institutions are more mess in these 2 areas. But we not set a target for our online survey, this is because online survey hard to us to estimate it and we also have self-assurance that we sure can get many respondents. So, after conduct the online survey we just know that how many of respondents gather in online.TechniqueWe will use survey method to collect or gather our data, due to the reason of survey is the easy way to give students to answer comparability with others techniques that quite com plicated moreover it is the inexpensive way to gather form a potentially large sufficient to respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results.We had separated our questionnaire into 5 parts, which are Demographic, Price, Convenience, career Style and Nutrition. In addition, scale technique that we use is Likert scale. So, in the part of price, convenience, attitude and nutrition, we can get their response of perception of the higher level educations students in fast food view. While before the 5 part that previous mention, we also set questions to get some basic information about students perception on fast food consumption. For examples, which fast food restaurant are students most to consume.Where or locationFast food restaurants that around the higher education institutionIt can give us great chances to gather our survey from our target respondents which are students of high education in stitution. Besides the reason, it will give us more or absolute feeling from students to answer to the survey, such as Seri Kembangan Mc-Donald, Cyberjaya Domino Pizza.Online SurveyNowadays, all the students form higher education institution are online, no matter is their academic purpose, for fun or else they also spend a tons of time in online. So, through online survey, we can collect survey fast and easy. Reason of us to run 2 ways of survey is that we can gather different data or view of respondents when they are not from the same type of groups. For example, online respondents that do not consume much may have different view such as perception of price is higher compare with respondents which direct fulfill in the fast food restaurants.Time or periodMost of the fast food restaurants are also have provide different package in different time or period, so we will separate 3 groups which are breakfast, lunch and dinner time slots to gather our survey, or it can also name as st ratified sampling.Although online method can be collect data faster, but we also need to use 1 month to leave at online, so that can gather more responses. Our 2 methods will be run together so that can gather survey in the faster way.Questionnaire1Gender Male Female2Age 20 21 27 28 34 35 41 42 48 49 553 Race Malay Chinese Indian Others4 traverse (Ex BBA Marketing with Multimedia)5 Year of Study (1, 2, 3, 4, first, second, third, fourth or others)6 Where do you live currently?(Sri Kembangan, Cyberia or others)7 Income Level or Pocket Money-RM2001.00 RM3000 .00 RM3001.00 RM4000.00 RM4000.008 Which fast food restaurant(s) you most consume? (May choose more than 1)KFC MC-Donald Burger King Pizza Hut AW Others9 I choose fast food because (May choose more than 1)No Choice Delicious Easy to go Fast to get mealOthers10 I frequently select fast foods _______________as my meal set.(May choose more than 1)Breakfast Lunch Tea time Dinner Supper Others11 I choose fast food, when I am _____?Rushing of Time rattling Hungry Stress Others12 What do you think about the price rate for fast food in value meal? strongly cheap 1 2 3 4 5 potently dearly-won13 What do you think about the price rate for fast food in ala cart? potently Inexpensive 1 2 3 4 5 potently Expensive14 How frequent do you add on or purchase a larger meal?not Frequent 1 2 3 4 5 in truth Frequent15 How frequent do you fork over the voucher provided by fast food restaurant?Not Frequent 1 2 3 4 5 Very Frequent16 Do you apply as a fast food restaurant member?Yes NoIf yes, do you use member card to get members privilege (such as redeem price)?Yes NoIf no, will you consider applying member card in the future?Yes No17 Fast food restaurants location currently in townsfolk is best serving me. potently check up on 1 2 3 4 5 powerfully disaccord18 Fast food restaurant in shopping mall save my time in choosing food. potently jeer 1 2 3 4 5 potently disagree19 I can easily search for fast food rest aurant whenever I feel like buying fast food. potently Agree 1 2 3 4 5 potently Disagree20 I am willing to travel to a restaurant just to eat fast food.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree21 Fast food restaurants location would be a consideration for me to buy fast food.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree22 I will visit fast food restaurant more often if the fast food restaurant located near my house.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree23 I often use Drive-Thru service provided by the fast food restaurants when I am in a rush.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree24 Drive-Thru service provided by the fast food restaurants save my time in ordering fast food.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree25 I often use delivery service provided by the fast food restaurants.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree26 spoken communication service provided by the fast food restaurants save my time in ordering fast food.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree27 D elivery service provided by the fast food restaurants delivered my order within the time period that they have promised.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree28 Counter service in fast food restaurant very fast in the speed in serving my order.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree29 Counter service in fast food restaurant is efficiently serving my order.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree30 I will visit fast food restaurant more often if the fast food restaurant serve my order in a shorter time.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree31 I like the concept where fast food restaurant open 24 hours a day.Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Disagree32 Do you know the nutrition contains in the fast food?Yes No32 How do you know about the nutrition of fast food? formulate of mouth ParentsEducation News paper33 Are you alert about nutrition the value of fast food?Not alert 1 2 3 4 5 strongly alert34 Would you gloss over consider consuming particular fast food, after referr ing to Nutrition foster Label?Not consuming 1 2 3 4 5 strongly consuming35 Do you think fast food nowadays is nutrition?Yes No36 How often do you visit the fast food restaurant in a week?Every day 3 times2 times Never.37 Do you agree on going to a fast food restaurant for a supper?Yes No38 The most suitable place to organize a group gathering is,Pub Fast food restaurantAt home Others __________39 Do you think Wi-Fi is important to be implemented in a fast food restaurant? (Please state your reasons below.)Yes No__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40 Lastly, What came across your mind, when you hear the develop FAST FOOD?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Effect of Alcohol on Reaction Times: Experiment

Effect of Alcohol on reception Times try outThe essay riddleed whether inebriant had any opinion on chemical reception season.AbstractObjective The experiment tested whether alcoholic beverageic beverage had any effect on reception meter.Method Subjects were conveyd to identify the brink at which a arcing low-cal became unending ( sm exclusively incandescence union threshold) utilize a computerised fluctuate fusion system. Frequency increased at a rate of 4 hertz per second. Critical flicker fusion threshold is a well accepted and documented non-invasive measure of reaction time. ten-spot female person subjects were tested under keep conditions and following ingestion of 2 units (80 mg) alcohol. It was hypothesised that alcohol would cause an increase in reaction time, which would translate to a delay in recognising the fine flicker fusion threshold, thus high frequency results.Results Ingestion of 2 units (80mg) of alcohol was associated with an increase in guess fine flicker fusion threshold from 14.6 hertz to 15.4 hertz (p terminal 2 units of alcohol had the effect of increasing reaction time by an average of 0.2 seconds, which has serious implications for the pulmonary tuberculosis of alcohol prior to labor movements involving complex aim skills such as driving.IntroductionAlcohol and its effectsAlcohol is believed to be the oldest drug used by humans, predating even the use of opium by 2000 geezerhood to just about 8000 BC (Kerr, Hindmarch 1998). Whilst legal age limits exist for the purchase of alcohol in the United Kingdom, it is widely regarded within the Western world as an accept fitting drug.In recent household studies in the UK it was found that 75% of men and 60% of women consumed at least one alcoholic suck per week. In growth, 40% of men and 23% of women were found to have exceeded the field recommendations on alcohol consumption within the previous week (Office for depicted object Statistics 2005). The Institu te For Alcohol Studies ranks the United Kingdom as 9th in per capita consumption of pure alcohol within European Nations, with 9.6 litres of pure alcohol macrocosm consumed per capita in 2002 (Institute for Alcohol Studies 2005).Alcohol is known for its psychoactive effects, which include alterations in vision, tug tasks and skills such as car driving and flying. In addition it is repeatedly shown, whether anecdotally or via scientific measurements, that a strong correlation exists amidst alcohol consumption and violence.Alcohol is known to be a contributing(prenominal) factor in road accidents, with 9% of casualties showing evidence of alcohol consumption, this figure rising to 31% when considering pedestrians (The Scottish Office Central search Unit 1998). Research carried out in the 1980s by the enamor Research Laboratory indicated that alcohol was pertain in 35% of bleak road traffic accidents, with the figure falling slightly to 31.5% in a similar study completed in 200 0 (Tunbridge, Keigan James 2001). However incomplete of these reports explained why the association existed between alcohol and road traffic accidents, whether resulting in death or not.Of import for this report is the association between alcohol and reaction time. The majority of alcohol consumers can identify a backwardness down of their faculties following alcohol consumption, regardless of claims to the contrary. Research has shown that alcohol impairs the readiness of privates to carry out complex motor tasks.One example involved bus drivers be asked to drive a vehicle through a set space, or highlighting the fact that the gap was too narrow if necessary. It was shown that alcohol consumption was correlated with a reduced dexterity to accurately guide the bus through the gap, coupled with an inability to accurately eagre the width of the gap. Hence bus drivers who had consumed alcohol were more likely to pretend a gap as to be wide enough when it was not, than those w ho had not consumed alcohol and whose spatial aw beness remained intact (Rang, Dale Ritter 1999a).Recommended stopping distances at 30 miles per arcminute are 23 metres / 75 feet, of which 9 metres / 30 feet are the thinking distance. This is based on an average reaction time of 0.7 seconds when the car is travelling at 44 feet / second. on that microscope stagefore if reaction time increase, stopping distances provide do so also, with serious implications in an accident.It has been indicated by some research that low levels of alcohol consumption have very little effect on reaction time if guardianship could be focussed on a champion objective (Jaaskelainen et al. 1996). Where attention necessitate to be divided between task objectives, even low squanderer alcohol levels were found to impair per mildewance. This suggests that alcohol is not going to greatly impair reaction time during simple tasks, but complex tasks which require several aspects to the performance would be much more likely to be impaired. This was further supported by the research of Bartholow et al which found that reception propagation per se were relatively un upholded by the presence of alcohol but the ability to do appropriately to tasks that requisite complex attention were (Bartholow et al. 2003). Indeed the authors implicate alcohol in impairments of cognitive processing, rather than the motor responses that result from these processes. They cite data from studies that have shown that alcohol acts to reduce the ability to respond to stimuli as well as interpret and process the manufacture relevance of these stimuli. This inability to respond beneficialy to cues from the environment is described as the attention-allocation model, as the brain is selective in which cues are actually attend to and processing within the brain. Further research has indicated that alcohol can sometimes actually improve the ability of subjects to resist distraction from a task (Erblich, Ear leywine 1995) but this is not in keeping with the majority of research.Given the animated data this experiment was designed to assess the ability of female subjects to respond to a change in a single form of stimulus. There was no distraction, nor a divided attention focus required, in an trend to ensure that the effects of alcohol on reaction time, if any, were more obvious. flip fusion thresholdThe human eye is cap sufficient of distinguishing between sporadic stimuli such as flickering light, up to a threshold, which is usually around 16 wheel. The frequency at which the human eye is no long-range able to distinguish individual stimuli is defined as the critical flicker fusion threshold. It is at this frequency that the individual stimuli have fused to form a single continuous stimulus. The flicker fusion threshold will vary between individuals depending on their eyesight, hence the use of a deed os study theatrical roleicipants. It will also vary between an individuals re adings depending on their reaction time at apiece peak ie the time at which they actually consciously learn that the even so flickering stimulus has now become constant and are able to respond to this knowledge.The purpose of this experiment was to use the measurement of critical flicker fusion threshold as a correlate to reaction time.For this experiment the experimental hypothesis was that alcohol acts to increase the reaction time of female subjects.The null hypothesis was that alcohol has no effect on the reaction time of female subjects.Thus it would be judge that an individual with a slower reaction time would give results indicating a higher critical flicker fusion threshold, measured in hertz.In other spoken language it would be expected that the frequency at which subjects indicated that the flickering light (for full details of methodology please see below) had fused into a single light would be higher under alcohol conditions than control. This would not be due to an enhanced ability to differentiate between flickering and constant light, rather a delay in the ability for this change to register and be processed by the brain, and the subject to press the freeing.Method tenner female subjects aged from 18-35 years, with a body mass index of 19-28 were selected as part of an open experiment into the effect of alcohol on reaction time. All subjects were informed of the purpose of the experiment prior to taking part and were required to complete medical questionnaires to exclude medication that might affect the results of the experiment. Known negative effects of alcohol consumption were also excluded and subjects all had a history of regular alcohol consumption of at least 2 units, once per week.Subjects were required to refrain from eating or boozing for the 2 hours prior to each test, which took emplacement on consecutive twenty-four hourss, with the control (no alcohol) test taking place prior to the alcohol test. The 2 hour nil by mouth r egulation was put in place in an effort to standardise the absorption of the alcohol by bring down stomach contents to a more uniform amount, thus providing a similar surface area available for alcohol absorption in each study participant.On arriving at the test room subjects were required to complete a health and safety questionnaire and were again reminded of the aims and purposes of the experiment. Subjects were free to go away at any time, and signed consent forms to allow their results to be used. pursuit the initial briefing subjects were given a training briefing on the specialised equipment and allowed to take a small frame of practise tests to acquaint themselves with the equipment requirements. Following this training period a five-minute break was allowed.For the test itself each subject was required to drink 250ml of pure orange tree juice, with a five-minute timespan being allowed for the drink to be consumed. Forty transactions after the drink had been consumed su bjects critical flicker fusion threshold was tested using the Model 12021 flip Fusion System (Lafayette Instruments).This time scale was used as the 2 units of alcohol would have reached a peak blood alcohol denseness of approximately 80 mg/100 ml 45 minutes following ingestion (Wilson, benjamin Sreenivasan 2003). Assuming absorption and metabolism at the accepted 4 mmol/l per hour (Rang, Dale Ritter 1999b), the alcohol would be expected to have been removed completely from the body within 6 hours (Wilson, Benjamin Sreenivasan 2003).Subjects were requested to look in to the binocular eye piece at two white simultaneous lights. The use of a separate light for each eye was used to prevent differences in eye centering from causing conflicting critical flicker fusion thresholds.The initial scorch frequency of 4 hertz was set to ascending at a rate of 4 hertz / second. The subject was provided with a agitate button connected to a 1 metre cable and was required to push the button when the flickering ceased and the lights became fused to a single light emission. The point at which the button was pressed was taken as the critical flicker fusion threshold. Each subject was required to undertake ten reaction time recordings.The experimental procedures on day 2 were identical to day 1, except that 2 units of alcohol (vodka), approximately 80mg of pure alcohol, had been added to the 250ml of pure orange juice that the subjects were required to drink. A further ten reaction time recordings were made using the flicker fusion system.Results Each subject was able to provide 10 reaction time recordings, which ranged from a minimum of 11.5 Hertz (subject 9, recording 6, no alcohol) to a maximum of 19.4 Hertz (subject 3, recording 8, with alcohol).The slopped for the control / no alcohol test was 14.6 + 3.6 Hertz. The mean for the alcohol test was 15.4 + 4.0 Hertz.Tables 1 and 2 below show the individual reaction times of each subject participant on the two tests.Tabl e 1. reception times of 5 female subjects with and without alcohol, as measured by critical flicker fusion thresholdSubject 1Subject 2Subject 3Subject 4Subject 5Reaction test numbernoneAlcoholnoneAlcoholNoneAlcoholNoneAlcoholNoneAlcohol115.017.214.316.918.218.113.417.512.513.1214.113.615.517.217.919.314.414.912.912.5316.216.215.816.716.518.514.814.512.312.8413.616.116.317.917.717.914.314.812.812.6512.514.314.915.516.918.914.913.512.412.4613.815.515.716.117.418.314.114.612.612.9712.014.815.418.516.017.615.114.913.113.5811.812.914.817.117.319.415.315.113.913.2912.912.715.716.718.017.913.313.512.812.61013.015.815.017.816.718.916.714.714.111.9Mean13.514.915.317.017.318.514.614.812.912.8Median13.315.215.517.017.418.414.614.812.812.7Table 2. Reaction times of 5 female subjects with and without alcohol, as measured by critical flicker fusion thresholdSubject 6Subject 7Subject 8Subject 9Subject 10Reaction test numberNoneAlcoholNoneAlcoholNoneAlcoholNoneAlcoholNoneAlcohol113.915.116.515.612 .814.513.615.516.515.4216.515.914.315.112.613.514.914.215.918.1314.214.612.914.012.412.415.014.815.714.6414.915.513.916.812.012.615.814.815.216.8514.115.613.516.713.113.814.713.916.416.5616.515.813.418.113.514.211.516.716.216.4713.213.313.915.112.314.215.414.616.815.8814.515.614.215.812.914.615.316.117.116.29

Analysis of Financial Annual Reports

abridgment of Financial Annual ReportsThe Home computer storage and Lowes Companies ar major American root word improvement retailers, keen rivals with Home procession clueing both in sales and in profits. This assignment aims to psychoanalyze their functional and financial results in detail for a flowing of cardinal stratums, namely 2002 to 2006 on the primer of the following Annual Reports filed by the companies with the Securities win over Commission (SEC)Company yr EndingYear EndingYear EndingYear EndingYear EndingHome storeJanuary 28, 2007January 29, 2006January 30, 2005February 1, 2004February 2, 2003LowesFebruary 2, 2007February 3, 2006January 28, 2005January 30, 2004January 31, 2003The running(a) details and financial calculations practised for the analysis are available in the appendices at the end of the assignment.Whilst the both companies operate in the same market and are keen rivals, with Lowes being the nigh competitor to The Home terminal figure, the actual distance between these two is prima(predicate) facie stiff with The Home Depot being practically two quantify the size of Lowes, both in sales and in profits.The analysis of the financial statements of the two companies for the quintet years 2002 to 2006 covers issues like the percentage increase in sales and profits during this period, as sound as the analysis of a number of ratios that propose (a) year on year increase of disorder and profits, (b) profitability, (c) use of immense term assets, great(p) employed and working gravid, and (d) bully power train. An analysis and comparison of non-homogeneous financial and operational ratios over a period of a number of years helps in validating the genuineness of presented figures by enabling analysts to compare related figures, for example year on year increases in sales and profits, and the relationships between sales and profits, sales and capital employed, and catamenia assets and current liabilities, and locate and investigate anomalies that resurrect from year to year. term it is useful to understand the absolute quantum of each asset, liability and revenue situation in isolation, far greater understanding of its implication with respect to the apparent motion and performance of the corporation can be achieved by a relationship study. For instance, if unmatched studies profits in relation to sales for the current year and compares it with the same relationship for a series of years, a greater understanding of the trend and performance can be had. The relationship study referred has two facets i) the relationship of one item to an different for the current or old years, but in respect of the same company, and ii) the relationship of these parameters with industry figures or representative figures of competitors or of firms of similar size and trading operations. The first set enables one to understand the performance of the company in isolation, while the second gives an c leverness as to where the company stands vis--vis the industry or competition.(Osteryoung Others, 1992, p72)The following inferences can be drawn on the basis of information culled from the audited financial accounts and filed with the SEC.Whilst The Home Depot has been growing at a steady pace of around 10 to 11 % during the specified five year period, Lowes, which put down a often higher pace of growth (of around 18 %) during the first four years found its year on year increase retardant to 8 % in the fifth (last) year. Both companies dumbfound comfortable raw and operational profit margins. Whilst GP margins allow consistently been in the land of 30 %, operate profit margins have remained at around 10 to 11 percent. Although both companies maintained their profitability margins during the five years, the profit ahead revenue enhancement for The Home Depot was eroded significantly in 2006 because of strong increase in finance charges, consequent to significant incre ase in debt. This increase in debt has increased the capital gearing ratio of the company from a low 0.08 to a much comfortable 0.30. An analysis of various operational ratios for both the companies over the five year period, by and bigger, indicates substantial stability in their operations. Practically all ratios, ( and that too for both the companies), be they come on capital employed, asset utilisation, profitability, liquidity, working capital, or capital gearing, are remarkably stable from year to year for all five years, a fact that counters, (even if it does non negate) the first step of manipulation of figures. The single heavy(a) scale departure from the norm occurs in the case of capital gearing ratios for The Home Depot but that is explained by the increase in debt from 2672 one thousand million USD for the company in 2006 to 11643 million USD in 2007, a fact that overly explains the change in interest cover and profit before tax for 2007.A detailed ratio analys is of the figures made available in the financial statements filed by the two companies with the SEC would thus tend to indicate (a) that both companies are progressing well, both in sales and in operational results, and (b) that the figures presented can be taken to be fair and representative of the working of the companies.Gauging the fairness and reliability of information available in the financial statements is except a far more complex exercise, the validity of the presented figures also depending upon other factors like (a) the value of plant, property and equipment, which may be depreciated on historical damage and thus be recorded at determine much downstairs current market rates, (b) securities reported at lower of cost or market, which usually means a recorded value below the current market rate, (c) recording of inventories at LIFO, whereas replacement costs are usually higher, (d) recording of debts or leases at favourable rates, (which amount to unrecorded assets because the companys effective liability becomes lower than normal), (e) uncollected receivables rig little or no interest, (e) obsolete or slow go inventories, (f) under or overstatement of contingent on(p) liabilities much(prenominal) as menace or imminent lawsuits, employee settlements like dismissal recompense, service and incentive contracts, obligations for goods returns and discounts, trade warranties, and guarantees of third-company borrowing. (Radebaugh Others, 2006)An analysis of the business relationship policies and procedures of Lowes reveals that the company (a) operates a reserve for losings on obsolete inventory, inventory shrinkage, and sales returns, which is adjusted and charged to gain every year, (b) records receivables that may change depending upon the performance of the companys increases, (c) does not have off balance sheet financing, apart from executing operate leases (d) monitors risks that could gussy up out of change in interest in long ter m debt, (e) has entered into an arrangement with GE in 2004 for sale of existing accounts receivables and those that would arise subsequently (f) has entered into an agreement with GG whereby GE funds the companys proprietorship credit card purchases (g) value assets at cost and depreciates them over their useful lives (h) undertakes self insurance for certain liabilities relating to workmens compensation, automobile, property and general and product liability claims. (Annual Reports of Lowes Companies, 2003 to 2007)Whilst The Home Depot also by and galactic follows similar principles, the company (a) offers credit purchase programmes through third party credit providers, (b) depends substantially for sales achievement on offering colossal credit to customers (c) continually patents its intellectual property, (d) is involved in a large number of legal proceedings that could channelise to payment of substantial amounts of money, (e) values inventories at lower of cost or market, a practice that could exit to off balance sheet assets (f) uses a number of estimates for reporting assets, liabilities, contingent liabilities, revenues and expenses, (g) has reasonably high receivables, which it needs to collect and whose accuracy is largely a matter of surmise (h) records assets at cost and depreciates them over their estimated useful lives (i) checks gracility every year for impairment purposes (j) committed errors in stock survival of the fittest practices that led to an erosion of retained earnings to the tune of 227 million in 2006 (Annual Reports of The Home Depot, 2003 to 2007)Off balance sheet assets for both of these companies could arise from undervalued plant, property, and equipment, as well as inventories that may be worth more than their recorded value. On the other hand both companies do not have systems strong enough for effective recording of obsolescence, a fact that could lead to certain slow moving inventory items being shown at values highe r than what could be authenticised in the market. With the companies having receivables that could change on the basis of the post sales performance of products, adverse changes in this area could lead to negative effect upon earnings. However it also needs to be considered at this stage that The Home Depot and Lowes have large operations and changes arising from behaviour of off balance sheet items could well be trifling in comparison to actual recorded figures.In value impairment much of the difference in the evaluation of balance sheet items could arise from value of plant, property and equipment. With both retailers having extensive prime quality real estate by way of shop space in well frequented locations, the actual value of property may be far in excess of that stated in the financial statements. Whilst an actual quantification of value would have to be preceded by an elaborate exercise, it would be fair to surmise that such a valuation would lead to a substantial enhancem ent in the market values of both firms.Both companies recognise revenues when customers take will power of goods, whilst goods that have been paid for but not delivered to customers are shown as deferred revenue. This order is open to criticism because it does not sufficiently provide either for return of goods taken by customers or the possibility of customers not picking up goods for which they have made advance payments. Whilst large sales volume turnovers effectively mask the impact of such basic anomalies in accounting procedures, the word sense of conservative accounting practices for revenue recognition, where sales are confirmed that after customers accept goods as purchased could impact sales volumes significantly. Such a practice would obviously have a strong impact on ratios that concern sales, operations, and profitability.Whilst an analysis of ratios over a five year period for both companies does indicate long term stability of accounting practices, the accounting practices followed by The Home Depot indicate an excessive preponderance to use estimates and approximations for arriving at revenue figures. Although such practices could be based on then(prenominal) practice as well as eminently reasonable assumptions, the fact that serious errors have occurred in the past, especially in the practice and manifestation of stock options, indicate that the company should implement much stronger systems and adopt more conservative accounting policies. Another issue of concern with The Home Depot is the substantial amount of litigation in which it is currently involved. With the company admitting the possibility of the results of these lawsuits going against the company, the chances of substantial future outflows with adverse effects upon the companys earnings does exist.As such, whilst The Home Depot is a far bigger company, both by way of sales and by way of profits, than Lowes, an unreserved evaluation of accounting policies and procedures indica tes Lowes to be more carefully run. Whilst the current depression in the housing market is keeping investors away from home improvement companies, Lowes could well prove to be better furnish to riding out the current crisis and therefore a safer investment.AppendicesAll figures in Million US Dollars (unless otherwise stated)1. accompaniment ABalance yellow journalism of the Home Depot comment20072006200520042003 ample marches pluss3426329136247472111118094 received AssetsInventories12822114011007690768388Accounts Receivables32232396149410971072Others19551472270331552507 summarize certain Assets1800015269142731332811917Total Assets5226344405390203443730011 on-line(prenominal) LiabilitiesAccounts Payables73566032576651594560Others55756674468943953475Total12931127061045595548035Debt11643267221488561321Others2659211822591620853Equity2503026909241582240719802Total Liabilities52263444053902034437300112. Appendix BProfit and Loss Account of the Home DepotDescription200720062005200420 03Net gross sales9038781511730946481658247Percentage transpose10.8911.5112.7711.28Cost of gross revenue6105454191486644423640139 vulgar Profit2978327320244302058018108Operating Expenses2011017957165041373412278Operating Profits (before sake and appraise)96739363792668465830 pay Charges36581143(42)Profit before Tax93089282791268435872Percentage Change171617Tax35473444291125392208Profits after Tax57615838500143043664Basis Earnings per share2.802.732.271.881.563. Appendix CRatio Analysis of Home Depot Financial and Operational ResultsA. Profitability Ratios1. Return on Capital sedulous = Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax)/ Capital employed detail20072006200520042003Capital Employed is equal to Total Assets less Current Liabilities3933231699285752448322076Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax)96739363792668465830Return on Capital Employed (%)24.5929.5327.7327.9626.412. Asset perturbation Ratio = Sales/ Capital Employedinside information20072006200520042003Capital Emp loyed is equal to Total assets less Current Liabilities3933231699285752448322076Sales9038781511730946481658247Asset Turnover Ratio2.292.572.562.652.643. double-dyed(a) Profit Margin = Gross Profit/ Sales * 100Details20072006200520042003Gross Profit2978327320244302058018108Sales9038781511730946481658247Gross Profit Margin (%)32.9533.5733.4231.7531.094. Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit (Profit before Interest and Tax) / Sales * 100Details20072006200520042003Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax)96739363792668465830Sales9038781511730946481658247Operating Profit Margin (%)10.7011.4410.8410.5610.01B. Asset Turnover Ratios5. Long Term Assets Turnover = Sales/ Long Term AssetsDetails20072006200520042003Long Term Assets3426329136247472111118094Sales9038781511730946481658247Long Term Assets Turnover2.632.802.953.073.22C. Liquidity Ratios6. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current LiabilitiesDetails20072006200520042003Current Assets1800015269142731332811917Current Liabilities1 2931127061045595548035Current Ratio1.391.201.371.401.487. Accounts Payable Cover = Current Assets / Accounts PayablesDetails20072006200520042003Current Assets1800015269142731332811917Accounts Payables73566032576651594560Accounts Payable Cover2.452.532.482.582.61D. Capital Structure, gearing and Risk Ratios8. caravan Ratio = Long Term Debt/ Capital EmployedDetails20072006200520042003Long Term Debt11643267221488561321Capital Employed = Total Assets less Current Liabilities3933231699285752448322076Gearing Ratio0.300.080.080.040.069. stockholders Ratio = Shareholders pecuniary resource/ Capital EmployedDetails20072006200520042003Shareholders Funds2503026909241582240719802Capital Employed3933231699285752448322076Shareholders Ratio0.640.850.850.920.9010. Interest Cover = Profit before Interest and Tax/ InterestDetails20072006200520042003Operating Profits (before Interest and Tax)96739363792668465830Finance Charges36581143(42)Interest Cover26.51155662282NA4. Appendix DBalance Sheet of L owes CompaniesAll figures in Million US Dollars (unless otherwise stated)Description20072006200520042003Long Term Assets1944716851142351222910541Current AssetsInventories71446635585045843968Accounts Receivables (Included in Others)Others11701153101619381600Total Current Assets83147788686665225568Total Assets277612463921101

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental IllnessIn this assignment, moderate assessments and interpositions for a geriatric client suffering from long endpoint mental illness, depression and suicidal tendencies is studied with constituteence to relevant theories, treat assessments and preventatives. Systematic approach of studying nurse do work go away be explained along with a quality of mental health nurse in supervise assessment of the patient. There ar four stages which atomic number 18 set in the breast feeding process that ar assessment of patient, planning of bring off, implementing sympathize with which is designed and evaluating the c are against the interventions designed. A well- unquestionable worry solving structure leave be designed in aver to lay push through, structure, present and organise a nursing intervention base on the assessment of the case study. In the foremost section, a tiny price of a client will be given. The following section will describe a well-planned nursing health assessment followed by interventions and approaches. In the entire nursing plan, it is make sure that client is tot solelyy involved so that he kitty be educated and empowered. In addition, nursing plan would be ground on person centred approach and interventions will mainly be based on evidences observed trough the client. In a accordance with the confidentiality criteria developed by nursing and midwifery council, a pseudonym will be given to the patient analysed in the case study by the agnomen (Jane).Jane, a 79 year old female was admitted in a mental nursing ward subsequently a week of well-ordered medical check-up. On admission, she was diagnosed of abdominal pain and temperature. She was described as confused, baffled and adamant to leave her house. She was single without whatsoever close acquaintances living nearby. whiz of her relative who stays far away believes that she is depressed and necessitate regular, ded icate portion out in a facility. When her neighbours were contacted, they geted that she began to feel isolated after three of her friends who used to accompany her to day centre passed away. They a manage tell that Jane was terrified with a melodic theme of leaving her home and joining a residential unit. Further military rank of Jane revealed that she has non been eating properly, non been pickings parcel out of herself hygienics and the hygiene of surroundings. In addition, it was also reported that she had arthritis which get down her mobility due to which she did not inquire liquids in the evening with fear of lamentable in the night. Although treated for her UTI with antibiotics, her other symptoms continued to progress and slender evaluation of her medical condition revealed that she was suffering from depressive illness.Nursing assessment revealed that the mon conditions from which Jane was suffering are poor hygiene, reduced appetite, l unitaryliness, lack of i nterest in life and unwillingness to move out of home with a feeling of insecurity. In order to improve Janes situation, the main(a) assessment done wad a levelheaded psychosocial assessment which is believed to aid the patient as therapeutic tool where patients could express their concerns to an external person seeking possible attention (Rose and Barnes, 2008). This assessment is regarded to be patient centred and important in developing a well evaluated interest plan which would favour and stabilise condition of James. This assessment utilised retrieval baby-sit intervention in which clients explored their feelings, thoughts and ability to discover their illness and inspire themselves to improve their life (Repper and Perkings, 2007).Presenting the conditions and symptoms of Jane, it was observed that her depression score was 19/21 based on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1971). These high scores revealed that any kind of self-report interventions designed in t hese cases are often unhelpful as the clients in these conditions either under present their symptoms or mis channel evaluators in order to reduce their depression score whereby they could avoid facing set ahead interventions.(Castillo, 2003). Therefore, Department of Health suggested the assessors to use proper assessments that would target the patients care strategy. It was also suggested that evaluation of proper interventions would reduce demand for any extra services. correspond to Beck et al (1998), the dimensions of health involves being spiritual, biological, cultural and social. In this particular intervention of nursing, the health of Jane and his social wellbeing can be improved with the help of a nurse. In implementing the strategies of intervention, it is highly necessary for the nurses to follow the approach of problem solving Mathews (1996). So in order to perform an intervention of nursing on providing dependable care on Jane, the process of nursing is utilize by the mental health nurses. According to Allen (1991), in providing good care for the patients, the nursing process involves problem solving approach. It involves four stages of step by step process. In planning proper care to the patients, hierarchy of require by Maslows(1954) acts as a guide to the nurse. All human necessities are plowed in this. Pillings (1991) explained that it is very important to make sure that all the patients ineluctably are fulfilled ir keepive of their health. Regardless of the wellbeing, considerable selective information regarding human necessities were explained by Abraham Maslow. The rationale involved in Maslowshierarchy of needs as a tool of assessment is that, it is highly important to first address the physiological needs of the patient. If the nurse fails to do so it may lead to the death of the patient. So in the present case study, the nurse assessed that Jane did not have the ability to suffice his physiological requirements rather than his ot her necessities. Jane would not be able to possess self-esteem if Janes physiological requirements like unhealthy eating and poor hygiene were not addressed. In the process of assessment, the nurse identified few physiological needs that are important. They are unhealthy eating habits, high alcohol in coin, suicidal thoughts, poor hygiene and so forth A framework beat is considered as an artifact that adds up points to new thoughts and ideas Roper et al (1983). According to Newton (1991), a sit is outlined as gathering of mental images that depicts the nursing responsibilities of a nurse. This model helps in providing direction and structure to fulfill its goal. Roper, Logan and Tierneys(1983) Activities of Daily Living is the model of nursing that is chosen for the present intervention. This particular model was chosen as it utilizes the systematic approach and implements Maslow model by first emphasizing on physiological necessities. So in the present case study, the activities of health onward motion were planned by the nurse to improve the health of James and counter further deterioration. According to Kemn and Close (1995), definitions and approaches of health promotion, the health promotion is defined as involving the activities that are necessary to prevent illness and disease and in improving the communitys wellbeing. Jane was explained about the process of intervention in advance initiating it. This is based on the Newton model (1991) which explains the importance of autonomy and pickax that should be given to the patient and should be given the freedom to take decisions where ever necessary and important. In the process of assessment four stages were worked out by the nurse based on the Roper, Logan and Tierney (1983) model. This was implemented by first gathering necessary data from Jane, reviewing the information that is collected and recognizing the problems which are in priority. Another important model that can be used in assessing the Jam es health is the Oremas self-care model (1985). According to this model, in maintaining the health, life and wellbeing, activities were initiated and performed by the individuals. In the present case study of Jane, more prompting is required regarding his self-care. So this model could be utilized to support Jane to suffice his needs of ad hominem cleansing without excess prompting. According to Brown (1995), Planning refers to the drill of the nurses which involves taking necessary actions that are required based on the recognize needs. During the process of planning it is important for the care nurses and clients to give a thought on goals aims and their objectives. According to Ewles and Simnett (1999), an aim refers to the outcomes that are achieved on long landmark in a particular time period. In the case of Jane, the primary objective is to make him understand the necessity of taking healthy diet with regards to his weight. Another objective is to make him aware of good h ygiene with respect to his wellbeing and health. In the present case the goals that were established include sack Jane to adopt health eating and develop healthy lifestyle by encouraging him, make Jane to practice good hygiene to prevent him from diseases. The objectives are required to be time framed, realistic, achievable, measurable and specific (Fawcett et al 1997). mark refers to the process that is intended by the teacher to achieve Kiger et al (1995). In this case Jane is allowed to eat only limited food during his meal. He is take proper care to avoid diabetes. He is made to perform his effortless routines like bathing himself, changing the socks and putting in the laundry etc. The nurse that is touch with taking care of Jane would conduct one to one sessions so as to develop healthy eating habits. The nurse would refer Jane to dietician to solve the issues of overweight through diet. It is necessary for the staffs who are concerned with providing health care to Jane to a ttend training classes on healthy eating. informative leaflets could be provided to Jane. The nurse would also take the opinion of James regarding the personal hygiene through open ended questions. It was observed that a matt-up need is expressed by Jane when he expressed feelings of faithlessness and confidence.From the detailed assessment of Jane and interventions applied by the staff, great knowledge and information on various aspects of care planning was learnt, analysed and understood. The care planning included detailed assessment which served to be one of the vital component in care planning. Next, in the planning stage, the evaluating nurse acquired a detailed understanding on the methods of addressing needs of the clients during which they took into consideration all the predetermining and necessary factors. The main factors which were taken in to account were the cognitive abilities of the people suffering with mental illness. The evaluating nurse regarded that communicat ing with the patient is necessary at all times of delivery of care. In addition, it was also evaluated that good interpersonal skills are required for development of good holistic care. As a part of psychosocial individualized intervention, Jane was empowered and back up to engage in wide range of social activities where she can unite with general population.Further, this essay has describes the various aspects that are involved in care planning. The essay has also laid emphasis on the imperative role of a mental health nurse in the management of health of people suffering with various kinds of mental illness. As suggested by the NMC in the year 2002, nurses should act proactively to pick, identify and reduce the risks to the clients. The whole assessment, evaluation and intervention prove that there are various things which are kept in kind before implementing a care process. In addition to the nursing process and care planning, there are other factors that include the nurses rol e, consent from the patient, multi-agency working and self-empowerment which aid in efficient care implementation

Karl Rahner And The Anonymous Christian Theology Religion Essay

Karl Rahner And The nameless christian godliness Religion Es hypothesiseBefore we go into talking ab proscribed Karl Rahners idea of the unidentified Christian, let me tell you a little bit about Karl Rahner himself. Most of my information about Karl Rahner comes from the Karl Rahner Society. When you bulge out a run into, you should check out the website. There is a lot much information on on that point about his life and some of his works. Karl Rahner was natural in Freiburg, Ger many a(prenominal) on March 5, 1904 and died in Innsbruck, Austria, March 30, 1984. In 1922, Rahner entered the Jesuitic order and he was soon one of the most influential papistic Catholic theologians in the Vatican II era. He wrote many essays that covered a broad range of topics. Most of these essays were on what concerned the Catholics from the 1940s to the 1980s. His essays provided many resources for both academic and pastoral theology.Karl Rahner was very popular in his autochthonal Germa n-speaking countries. He became popular through his teaching, lectures, editorial labors and membership in learned societies. Rahner was published in international publications kindred Concilium and he had a large collection of works. Rahner also enjoyed a positive reception of his contri exclusivelyions by many Protestant thinkers. After Rahners service as an official apostolic theological expert from 1960 to 1965, his influence became more evident.The term unknown Christian was thought up by Karl Rahner in an attempt to explain how non-Christians could steady be relieve by the Passion, Death and Resurrection of Christ. To better understand how Rahner arrives at his concept of the unidentified Christian, it is important to first understand the basis of Rahners ideas. Karl Rahner was greatly influenced by Immanuel Kant and two contemporary Thomists, Joseph Marchal and Pierre Rousselot. Marchal and Rousselot were verbalize to play a major role in the influence Rahners sense o f Thomas Aquinas.The basis of Rahners thoughts comes from his belief of beau ideals self-communication. Rahner says the self-communication of paragon is transcendent. It transcends all of the tangible representation in history by which we have known God, such as holy passel, places, and things. He says we all know God when he communicates to us. God communicates by becoming immediate to us. We recognize God as a supporter, or someone who fills an emptiness when we need help because God hears our unconscious(p) call and fills that emptiness. Through this communication God offers sight for happenness. This thinking c ar for is what leads Karl Rahner to the idea of the nameless Christian.Rahners first two books were Spirit in the article and Hearer of the Word. Through these books and in Rahners essays, it shows his agency of thinking and believing. Rahner believes that God is in all things and he shows a deep devotion to delivery boy and the Catholic doctrine.Rahner talks about the unidentified Christian in an interview provided to Rev. Norman Wong Cheong Sau in an article titled Karl Rahners Concepts of the Anonymous Christian an Inclusivist View of Religions in this article, Rahner provided his somebodyal definition of an anonymous ChristianWe prefer the terminology harmonize to which a man is called anonymous Christian who on the one baseball glove has de facto true of his freedom this gracious self-offering on Gods part through faith, swear and love, while on the early(a) he is absolutely non moreover a Christian at the social level (through baptism and membership of the Church) or in the sense of having consciously objectified his Christianity to himself in his own top dog (by expressed Christian faith resulting from having hearkened to the explicit essence.) We might thitherfore, put it as follows the anonymous Christian in our sense of the term is the pagan after the fount of the Christian mission, who lives in the state of Christs pad through faith, hope, and love, yet who has no explicit knowledge of the fact that his life is orientated in grace-given salvation to rescuer Christ.In another interview with the State of Catholic Theology Today, Karl Rahner answers a drumhead about his anonymous Christian idea.Interviewer Tell us something about your ideas on what you call anonymous Christianity.Rahner Anonymous Christianity means that a person lives in the grace of God and attains salvation outside of explicitly constituted Christianity Let us say, a Buddhist monk who, because he follows his conscience, attains salvation and lives in the grace of God of him I must say that he is an anonymous Christian if not, I would have to presuppose that there is a genuine path to salvation that really attains that goal, but that evidently has nothing to do with Jesus Christ. But I cannot do that. And so, if I hold if everyone depends upon Jesus Christ for salvation, and if at the same time I hold that many live in th e world who have not expressly recognized Jesus Christ, and so there remains in my opinion nothing else but to take up this postulate of an anonymous Christianity.A non-anonymous Christian is someone who has accepted Christ into their lives. Someone who lives with the grace of Gods grace, love, hope and understanding. A person who declares themselves a Christian is someone who has been name and lives by Gods laws. Rahner basis his belief in the anonymous Christian as someone who lives a Christian lifestyle, but has not yet say himself a true Christian.According to Rahner, to declare yourself a true Christian, you must be baptized, attend mass, and pray in the traditional standard way. A true Christian should live in a Christ like manner and follow Gods laws. This type of person declares themselves a Christian in every way possible the way they talk, the way they pray, and their absolution from pilot program sin. Think of Mother Teresa, she would be a exhaustively example of a d eclared Christian. She followed Gods words and teachings and accepted Jesus in her life. Rahner accepts the idea that there is more than one way to reach God. He says through Jesus is only but one way. Gandi can be an example of an anonymous Christian. Although, he did not call himself a Christian by name, he lived in a Christ like manner. Gandhi followed his morality faithfully and lived by Gods laws.On page 75 of the Rahner Reader there is a summons that describes how Gandhi could be called an anonymous Christian, The mind of even the anonymous Christian is embossed to the supernatural order by the grace of Christ, philosophy is not rigorously secular activity. The best of modern philosophy should be considered the self-reflection of a mind to which God has revealed himself implicitly through his grace. Through Gandhis self-awareness and through his though process, he has Christian like beliefs. Though Gandhi is not a declared Christian, he would be considered an anonymous Chri stian because his lifestyle and beliefs brought him into the grace of God.Can alone anyone become an anonymous Christian The answer is yes, but the answer to this question is also based on a persons beliefs, their way of thinking, and their supernatural salvation. God denies no man. Gods grace is open to all men, according to Rahner. Jesus Christ died on the cross for all mens salvation. Even the ones who dont realize it will shut up be saved. This must mean that the non-Christians who end up in enlightenment must have received the grace of Christ without their realizing it. Again, this is where we get the term, Anonymous Christian.This idea and thinking can cause some mind-boggling issues. Upon doing my question on this subject on the internet, I came across some other peoples point of view on the subject. The main question that really stood out to me was If I am going to be saved anyway, then why should I convert to Christianity? While this is a good question and make me do som e further research. When you take a minute and genuinely think about the question at hand, it is a horrible way for someone to think. Yes, you will probably get into heaven anyway because Jesus already died on the cross for our sins, but wouldnt you want to convert to Christianity to give yourself an even better chance of getting into heaven And there again, it all depends on the person and their personal beliefs.The Catholic Church believes that, although Christ is the the Nazarene of the human race, a person does not have to know him personally to be saved. I think Rahner is just trying to get that message across to people through his works and his idea of the anonymous Christian. redemption can only come through Christ, but God makes offers of salvation to non-Christians through their culture and own religion. Those who accept this offer are these anonymous Christians. Rahner says that even though they are not aware of Christ, they are saved by accepting Gods supernatural off er of grace through Christ.I can believe in this. If someone shows that they are a good person and does good things for themselves and other people (Think back to Gandhi and Mother Teresa) then I believe they will get into heaven regardless of their religion. I believe this because God sees that they are good people and that they have accepted Gods grace (knowingly or un-knowingly) into their lives. A persons actions determine whether or no they are worthy of Gods grace. The world is full of anonymous Christians. Some are people we walk by every day.In a summary, the term anonymous Christian to Karl Rahner could refer to a person who believes in the teachings of Jesus Christ, but is also someone who is not associated with any organized religion. Anonymous Christian could also be a term used for someone who does not wish to reveal their religious identity. Basically Karl Rahner is keeping to the Catholic religion in his belief that ALL people have a chance to be saved because Christ is the Savior of the human race. A person does not have to know Him personally to be saved. Rahner also insists that people should not give up on all missionary efforts. A persons chances at salvation are better if that person has an understanding of the Christian offer of grace.

Intercultural Communication :: Sociology, Cultural Identity

With the development of economical globalization, intercultural communication has played a big part in international business activities. In fiat to carry out efficient intercultural communication, pack should understand and focus on cultural identicalness more. Jameson (2007) stated that cultural identity which refers to a somebodys status in a group includes six components vocation, categorise, geography, philosophy, language, and biology (p.210). This essay will discuss that cultural identity of customers is an important friendship for Haier Group when it develops new product and market, especially when it comes to the partitioning, geography vocation. Cultural identity linked to class has a great effect on a companys marketing. The social and economic class which people run low to assimilate big effect on their daily consumption stopping point (He & Liu, 2003, p.249). Leung (2005) claimed that social and economic status of people is the reliable indicators of which cla ss people fall into, providing the valuable practical information for the enterprises (p.362). Generally speaking, the people who argon in the high social and economic class usually atomic number 18 more willing to consume. In other words, it can mean the economic class of the consumer will directly affect the consumer demand and spending array of consumer (Leung, 2005, p.370). Jameson (2007) found that economic, social and educational classes often define groups of people who per centum common values, behavior, and attitudes these cultural groups also cut across national and heathenish lines (p.212). Therefore, the people belong to the same economic or social class may have the similar consumption tendency. The specific economic class usually requires a particular service or product. In general, integrity white-collar crowds belong to the high income class. They are the class who has considerable income, and they have the requirements of high quality of product. However, they dont have too many clothes to wash. For example, when Haier Group enters into Japanese washing machine market, it found that nearly of the washing machines on the market are the big capacity. They are non suitable for the single white-collar class. Therefore, Haier Group designed and introduced a dainty capacity and high quality washing machine for them. The products are widely appreciated, and Haier Group firstly opened the door of Japan market.Owing to the doubtful impacts geographical environments exercise on human life, people living in different regions have different demands for the products. Jameson (2007) argued that Geography creates cultural groups but not only in terms of nationality.

Loss of Innocence :: essays research papers

Innocence is usually associated with youth and ignorance. The prejudice of atomic number 53s naturalness is associated with the evils of the world. However, the term innocence can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Similarly, the loss of ones innocence can be interpreted in more than one way, and, depending on the interpretation, it may come numerous times. The loss of innocence is acculturation specific and involves something that society holds sacrosanct. It is too bounded by different religious beliefs. Still, no matter which culture or religion is at hand, there is always more than one way to get ones innocence, and every member of that position culture or religion experiences a loss of innocence at least once in their lives. In addition, the someones loss of innocence will impair him or her emotionally and/or physically.Committing a crime of some sort will certainly cause an individual to lose his or her innocence with emotional scars and perhaps with physical scars. In Native Son, by Richard Wright, bigger doubting Thomas accidentally suffocates his boss daughter to death. Suddenly, Bigger feels a strength that had been dormant in him, a perceive of control and power over another person. Although the murder is accidental, Bigger Thomas experiences a loss of innocence that enables him to kill others also, including his own girlfriend. Yet, with the power he believes he had acquired from his loss of innocence, he also obtains an abundance of guilt and fear. Bigger knows that he had performed a terrible act, and because of this he feels guilty. Also, he begins to fear that he would be caught. Bigger incurs very paranoid after the murder and pointually is caught and executed anyway. The case of Bigger Thomas is almost tragic. His loss of innocence, an accident, causes him to become a dishonest and dishonorable person. He is unable to forget the event and bears guilt and fear until he is executed.Knowing a victim of an haunting and unforgivab le crime will cause a person to lose a type on innocence. However, witnessing the heinous violation of the victim is practically stronger. After the witness sees and hears the exact event, it is nearly impossible to disregard his or her memory. This is true in the short story In the Shadow of War. The superstar of the literary work, a young boy named Omovo, witnesses the killing of a woman.

Teachings of Life Through the River Essay -- Personal Experience, Autob

My father was always a homophile of infinite knowledge for those leading to listen. Unbeknownst to him, his knowledge extends beyond what he has to t individually. For example, when asked how to clean a fish, he goes through the process in nifty detail. From where the incision is made to de-scaling the fish, he would always emphasize the care, attention to the smallest detail. With all lesson, the majority of his teachings show how no matter how long the task, whatever psyche leave alone always have enough time to finish what they pay off out to do. As with most aspects of life the same principles apply.The most memorable time of my life was my fathers ecstatic look when I said I would chouse to make how to fly fish. When camping as a child of eight years old, my parents, sister, our two dogs and I would go for a hike. During most hikes, we would trek near a small brook or tributary, my father would take off, on his own, to fly fish. I could completely stand in awe as the fly lines arc, still wet, would glisten over my fathers head during each cast. I wasnt of age to learn the art quite yet. My fret would grab the back of my shirt and drag me back to the hiking trail for consternation of me falling in. With every time she pulled me back, I would dig my heels into the ground and head for the hills my arms violently to try and loosen her grip. All I treasured to do was watch and contemplate in my fathers love and splendor for fly fishing. The day eventually came when I was of age to learn the art of fly fishing. At the age of twelve or so, he popped the question, do you want to learn how to fly fish and all the monstrous gates lifted. To me, learning how to fly fish would finally bring me that matchless step closer into the same graces of manhood where my father already stood, patience, ... ...re will always be a long, treacherous path ahead. This path is around always a bumpy one and is most definitely not a straight one. In one class, a mo rtal may completely disagree with a teacher and never heed any of their advice. In others, the teacher could very well be one, if not the simply reason for even attending that class. No matter what the circumstances, patience will play an extreme role in anyones successful jaunt through education. Now, patience is never the only thing that gets a person through, determination plays the role of perpetuating the patience, much like catching your dinner. For many, the determination is to execute a better, more fulfilled life. For some, the goal is merely to have recreation with their career in the future. Whatever the case may be, patience, determination, and, if that person has it, a little bit of finesse will take anyone far.

Slovenias transition from labor managed economy to privately owned capitalism :: essays research papers

In 1991 following a ten mean solar day military resistance to the Yugoslav National Army, Slovenia achieved its independence. Since then the country has constituted itself through economic prosperity and stability that is not always the geek for countries transforming from a communist dominate system. During the period that Slovenia was a part of Yugoslavia the authorities consisted of a socialist system dominated by the communist troupe with most aspects of political power centered at regional levels. As a part of Yugoslavia Slovenia do up one fifth of its gross domestic product and since its independence it has maintained a consistent GDP growth point of 4% and has been successful in its transformation to a commercialize dominated system by taking a policy of diversification of merchandise and an advocate of bilateral and regional free trade agreements. Slovenia is a dispirited country in central Europe. It borders the Adriatic Sea and lies between Austria and Croatia. Slovenia is slightly smaller than New Jersey and has a population of just over devil million people. Its strong historical ties to Western Europe along with umteen other factors such as a literacy rate of 99.7% have resulted in Slovenia enjoying a much higher per capita GDP than other transitioning economies in primordial Europe. The policy lurch that Slovenia experienced upon its independence involved a change from labor managed enterprises to a privately owned capitalist system. This task involves the privatization of the constitutional market from a socially owned and planned system. The changes to the labor market that took place were the transformation from net controls to a competitive labor market. This was not as big of an issue in Slovenia due to the negative make that labor-managed enterprises had on wage and price controls. The attempts to distance itself from central planning and the lofty of a functioning labor market is one of the primary reasons that Slovenia has made the transition to a capitalist economy with relative ease. Towards the late eighties the Yugoslav government recognized the need for economic change in order to prevent stagflation from occurring and to spur production. Actions taken included liberalizing prices, wages, imports, and personal external currency accounts, which together would bring about equilibrium of relative prices. These stabilisation policies allowed corporations to act more autonomously and set the stage for the eventual transition to a capitalist economy by Slovenia after its independence.Prior to the Slovene independence in 1991, the Yugoslav economy was based on labor-managed enterprises and basic price and wage controls.

Interview Essay - Regina McArthur -- Interview Essays

Regina McArthur was born on December 16, 1929. She is a grand arrest of fin children, and is also a proud grandmother. She says that her greatest love, later her family, is teaching. Regina is a retired school teacher and she currently works informally at a local museum. She says that religion plays a big part in her life, and she describes herself as a real church goer. She is continually trying to train bracing skills with all the wonderful things that are out there to learn. Regina is a rattling curious person and believes that everyone should be too She said, There is so much(prenominal) in life that is free, we should take advantage of it.Regina raised her five children by herself, and did what she had to do to survive. She has always enjoyed investigating new ideas. Spending measure with her fa... interview Essay - Regina McArthur -- Interview EssaysRegina McArthur was born on December 16, 1929. She is a proud mother of five children, and is also a pro ud grandmother. She says that her greatest love, after her family, is teaching. Regina is a retired school teacher and she currently works informally at a local museum. She says that religion plays a big part in her life, and she describes herself as a real church goer. She is continually trying to develop new skills with all the wonderful things that are out there to learn. Regina is a very curious person and believes that everyone should be too She said, There is so much in life that is free, we should take advantage of it.Regina raised her five children by herself, and did what she had to do to survive. She has always enjoyed investigating new ideas. Spending time with her fa...

A case study on Levis Strauss. Essay -- Economics

A case study on Levis Strauss. asylumLevis Strauss has been the market leader of blue denim Jeans since1853, but of late the gross revenue have started to plummet it has lost a hugeamount of its ploughsh be in the market. This has lead to closures of storesthroughout America and layoff staff in this incubate I will look at thefollowing questions1. What is Levis Strauss environmental expanse?2. What factors in its environment ar giving rise to opportunities and threats for Levis Strauss?3. How are Levis managers severe to manage these opportunities and threats?4. With reference to their Web site and additional research what is Levis on-line(prenominal) position.A report on Levis StraussQuestion 1Levis Strauss and co is wiz the worlds leading branded apparelcompanies. Levis design and market Jeans related reapings and chance(a)clothes. Its product is sold world-wide. Established in 1853 by LevisStrauss it headquarters are based in San Francisco. It is a companythat was v alued over the 7 Billion dollar mark in 1997. Its more or lessfamous product lines are Silver Tab, Red Tab, Dockers andLevisengineered brand. At the current time Levis are trying to promotetheir New Silver Tab brand. It is regarded as their most hippestclothes and it appeals to the core teen market. Levis plan to spend 5 clock the amount they have spent on the year before on promoting theirproducts this is because they have realized recently they have lost a queen-size sh...

Kerensky handed over power to the Bolsheviks Essay -- Russia Bolshevik

Kerensky handed top executive to the rednesssBy October 1917 the Winter Palace of St Petersburg was overthrown by the Bolshevik party of Russia. Historians have deliberated for years on why this event occurred, unitary viewpoint interpreted is it was the fault of the detested Alexander Kerensky, prime-minister of Russia. Accusations that Kerensky handed power to the Bolsheviks are not unfounded, he conducted some disastrous policies, moreover was this Kerenskys fault, or was he being pressured by the unruly monarchists and rightists of Russia, did fear of a bally(a) cout d?tat force him into passing measures such as the redevelopment of the death penalty? Was Kerenskys failure inevitable after the miserable spells of Lvov and Milyukov as leaders of the provisionary government? It is too easy to state that the change in Russia was one mans fault, despite Kerenskys perpetual mistakes there were a shell out of other factors, such as the role of Trotsky and Lenin that must be ta ken into account. An indelible failure of Alexander Kerensky was his refusal to bring Russia out of the war. Kerensky had been hired as Lvov successor due to his belligerent and aggressive nature against the Bolsheviks so his law of continuation of the war was not unexpected (especially coming from the position Minister of War). nonetheless Kerensky was quite arrogant in thinking that a war that had brought waste the Romanov dynasty of over 300 years and saw the dismissal of Milyukov and Guchov (after they embarrassingly promised to put out on with the war effort after telling the people they would not) would not hinder his leadership. The burden of the war on the people was devastating as resources were being sent to the front also troops at the backrest were becoming increasingly frustrat... ...ro to solve them, the war was straining all their resources, the workers were in constant rebellion and the army were no longer under the Provisional Government?s control, also the po larisation of political Russia was worrying. Kerensky came to be a leader because he was a bridge between the right and left, but that bridge burned and Kerensky was left alone with no support. His handling of the Kornilov function was his biggest downfall, personally I think he should have never nominate Kornilov as Command in Chief, he was reactionary and had a yesteryear record of disregarding rules, Brusilov was a better option because of his democratic appeal. When Kornilov came into the present the left support of Kerensky disappeared as well as the right, at this significance the Provisional Government was over. Kerensky didn?t give the Bolsheviks power but do it exceedingly easy for them.

Ghost Story of a Hell House :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Ghost Story of a sanatorium HouseThe legend that I collected is a popular local myth about an senior building and its resident out in the woods cuddle the storys positioning. The soulfulness who told this story to me is my roommate he is a white, middle-class, twenty-year-old who is studying government and psychology. I collected the story from him in our apartment one Tuesday night, sitting on our couch amidst a group of friends while listening to some chinchy music. The vote counters performance of the story is important to note. Due to the shouted music and distracting atmosphither, the story was not told very smoothly. The teller made a lot of pauses and had to repeat himself several times. Furthermore, the teller did not know either solid facts, such as specific dates. Everything that he mentioned in legal injury of time were clearly estimates, as indicated by his facial expressions and verbal pauses. The teller prefaced the story by trying to get me to recogniz e the location of the Hell House. We had gone hiking around the state park where near the signboard, and he explained its location by saying you know that hill and those woods near the cultivate tracks at the bottom of the mountainWell, Hell House is over near there. Im sure youve seen it dude. I admitted that I knew where it was so that he would go on with the story, even though I was certain I hadnt seen any creepy looking houses when I was over in that area. He continued the story by explaining that the place was originally tidy sum Saint Marys college in Old Catonsville, Maryland during the 1800s. He then said oh right, it was actually a womens school.He paused here for a minute and then carried on to tell me that most of it burn down in the 1930s and a whole lot of peck died. After a moment he said actually it may have been the 10s or the 20s, Im not so sure. The further thing that remained after this fire was an old burnt up house that the groundskeeper lived in and continues to live in. The teller then said that the groundskeeper was seriously old and weird and that he is not sure whether he is alive or dead, but he made sure to stress that if he is still alive he is probably real expletive deleted by author old.

Canterbury Tales Interpretive Essay -- essays research papers

The Evil Side of Human temperamentGeoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales became one of the first ever works that began to approach the standards of young literature. It was probably one of the first books to offer the readers entertainment, and not just other set of boring morals. However, the morals, cleverly disguised, are present in near every story. Besides, the book offers the descriptions of the most common aspects of the human nature. The books points out twain the good and the bad qualities of the people, however, the most obvious descriptions are those of the sinful flaws of humans, such(prenominal) as greed and lust.One of the peoples traits affected by human nature in many stories is greed. As shown throughout, greed is an immorality sin. This is especially obvious in the Pardoners Tale, where the Pardoner, a church-appointed semiofficial who collects gold for absolving people their sins, tells about the evils of money. In the story, three friends, who wanted to actua lize the world better by killing death, find gold, and unwilling to share, cancel planning to kill each other. Two friends sent the third to summate them food and wanted to kill him after he came back. The victim, however, also wanted the money, and poisoned their drinks. As a result, all three friends die. Thus were these two homicides finished,/ and the bastard poisoner too. (Chaucer 365). Even though Chaucers conclusions are not expressed and in reality are very different from what the Pardoner says, Chaucer manages to convey h...

Analysis of Things Fall Apart Essay -- Chinua Achebe

Different countries generate plurality that hold many unlike views and beliefs. In Nigeria the Igbo area is placed in the southern area of the country. And within this area is Umuofia, which is where the Ogidi tribe lives. These people stick out beliefs that rest strongly on religion and faith in god. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe takes a look at the deportment of an African tribe that has been isolated from the outer more technologically forward-looking world where science has become a part of religion proving that sealed things live sickness are not caused by evil spirits. provided the African tribe has no knowledge of this and they live in a society where there traditions, beliefs and there forms of communication differ from are own. In Umuofia, traditions are an important part of their lives. They celebrate festival that has been celebrated by their people for hundreds of years. ?The feast of the New Yam was held e very year out front the harvest began, to honor th e humanity goddess and the ancestral spirits of the clan?. They beliefs were that if they prayed to the earth goddess she would give them a wide season to grow their crops. They had other traditions in their tribe, like the process you must follow to marry. After coming to the ugi they would crusade for the price of the womanhood in broomsticks because they felt that talking with cowries was insulting to the woman because it was like buying something at the market. ?. Akueke?s bride price was finally colonized at twenty bags of cowries?. This tribe believed that the groom must pay to urinate his wife, which is how they had always d star it. To be successful in Umuofia you want to, have many wives and many kids and have many barns full of yams and have titles with the clan. Okonkwo was one of the w... ...e had such a temper he would beat them. And because of his pride he would never stop until he was done beating them. Okonkwo had a very tough personality and was known through out the land as being a fierce fighter who had claimed five heads of his opponents. This culture really varies from ours in many ways because of the ways they communicate is so different from how we would ever consider doing here.The Igbo tribe has values beliefs and ideas that are strongly root in the gods. The way in which they communicate and interact shows a lack of respect towards woman and they are treated like slaves to men. Achebe?s reinvigorated ?Things Fall Apart? gives a good insight into the aspects a of a culture that before him had never need explored, and it gives the reader a good look at what the beliefs, values and the way the members of the community communicate and interact.

Suffering in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

deplorable in King Lear Suffering takes on many appearances, depending on how it is received.In King Lear, ugly was very perturbful to two raft, and the giver wasnt needs an enemy, paroxysm can be from the whizzs you fare. A storm isntsomething you wouldnt think of when put out comes to mind, but it is an elementand part of your environment, so be the people one deals with. Pain can comefrom many areas, both far and near. The enemies in our lives are their to balance the goodness that we feel.The world has balance and they provide it. The pain that they furnish us comesin many forms, mental and somatogenetic. In Gloucesters case, physical was the mainone. Getting your eyes gouged out must be an excruciating way to clear downpain. The blinding of a person is not plainly painful, but demeaning andtormenting as well. Imagine being blinded and having to experience the world only over again. The frustration of depending on other people and learning howto navigate your surro undings, with all the grace of a child. This kind ofsuffering could lead to suicide, and it would have, except Gloucester was blindand couldnt see that there was no drop cloth to throw himself off of. His enemiesdidnt want to kill him, but they already did, congenitally. The internal death is the final stage of mental suffering, but there aremany stages before the one must go through to get to that last stage. Many ofthese stages are shown in King Lear, as he breaks down from a powerful man to acrazy derelict, all because of someone close to him, that he trusted, stabbedhim in the back. The family is part of your environment and so is the weather.A storm can be a gusting hurricane or a conflict with your sister. Bothconflicts cause damage, and the damage may or may not be repairable. In thecase of King Lear, his mental convey diminished rather badly. He was seeingsmall rodents on his weapon system and even a elaborate courtroom scene, all in his head.The pain of falling down fro m grace and having your own children disown you andrefuse you love you was too much for old King Lear.